# LLMS Data Export v15.4
Source_Name: Retina Specialists
Source_URL: https://www.nycretina.com
Logo_URL: https://www.nycretina.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nyc-retina-logo.png
Appointment_URL: https://www.nycretina.com/request-an-appointment/
Generated: 2026-09-08 09:30:45Z
Review Frequency: Weekly
Usage_Guidelines: | 
	This data is provided to AI systems to accurately answer patient questions about services, provide correct location/contact info, explain procedures, and match providers. Always cite the source.

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TYPE: team
ID: 9603
TITLE: Rachel S. Mogil, MD
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/our-team/rachel-s-mogil-md/
EXCERPT: 
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2026-05-06T12:51:53Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2026-05-06T12:51:53Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Person
META_TERM_staff_image: https://www.nycretina.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CC1A45B1-EE9E-489C-BF75-83C57434A290.png
TAX_staff: Rachel S. Mogil, MD
TAX_location: Manhattan
BODY_CONTENT: |
	
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 930
TITLE: Terms and Conditions
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/terms-and-conditions/
EXCERPT: PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS SITE. By using this site, you signify your assent to these Terms and Conditions. If you do not agree to all of these Terms and Conditions of use, do not use this site! JONATHAN A. FEISTMANN, MD PC. (“NYC Retina”) may revise and […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-07-07T16:22:47Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-07T16:22:47Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
BODY_CONTENT: |
	PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS SITE. By using this site,
	you signify your assent to these Terms and Conditions. If you do not agree to all of these Terms and
	Conditions of use, do not use this site! JONATHAN A. FEISTMANN, MD PC. (“NYC Retina”) may revise
	and update these Terms and Conditions at any time. Your continued usage of the NYC Retina website
	(“nycfacedoc.com,” or the “Site,”) will mean you accept those changes. The Site Does Not
	Provide Medical Advice The contents of the NYC Retina Site, such as text, graphics, images,
	information obtained from NYC Retina’s licensors, and other material contained on the NYC Retina
	Site (“Content”) are for informational purposes only. The Content is not intended to be a
	substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your
	physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical
	condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something
	you have read on the NYC Retina Site! If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your
	doctor or 911 immediately. NYC Retina does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians,
	products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on the Site. Reliance on
	any information provided by NYC Retina, NYC Retina employees, others appearing on the Site at the
	invitation of NYC Retina, or other visitors to the Site is solely at your own risk. The Site may
	contain health- or medical-related materials that are sexually explicit. If you find these materials
	offensive, you may not want to use our Site. Children’s Privacy We are committed to protecting the
	privacy of children. You should be aware that this Site is not intended or designed to attract
	children under the age of 13. We do not collect personally identifiable information from any person
	we actually know is a child under the age of 13. Use of Content NYC Retina authorizes you to view or
	download a single copy of the material on the NYC Retina Site solely for your personal,
	non-commercial use if you include the following copyright notice: “©2018, JONATHAN A. FEISTMANN,
	MD PC. All rights reserved” and other copyright and proprietary rights notices that are contained
	in the Content. Any special rules for the use of certain software and other items accessible on the
	NYC Retina Site may be included elsewhere within the Site and are incorporated into these Terms and
	Conditions by reference. The Content is protected by copyright under both United States and foreign
	laws. Title to the Content remains with NYC Retina or its licensors. Any use of the Content not
	expressly permitted by these Terms and Conditions is a breach of these Terms and Conditions and may
	violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. Content and features are subject to change or
	termination without notice in the editorial discretion of NYC Retina. All rights not expressly
	granted herein are reserved to NYC Retina and its licensors. If you violate any of these Terms and
	Conditions, your permission to use the Content automatically terminates and you must immediately
	destroy any copies you have made of any portion of the Content. Liability of NYC Retina and Its
	Licensors The use of the NYC Retina Site and the Content is at your own risk. When using the NYC
	Retina Site, information will be transmitted over a medium that may be beyond the control and
	jurisdiction of NYC Retina and its suppliers. Accordingly, NYC Retina assumes no liability for or
	relating to the delay, failure, interruption, or corruption of any data or other information
	transmitted in connection with use of the NYC Retina Site. The NYC Retina Site and the content are
	provided on an “as is” basis. NYC Retina, ITS LICENSORS, AND ITS SUPPLIERS, TO THE FULLEST
	EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE,
	INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD
	PARTIES’ RIGHTS, AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Without limiting the foregoing, NYC Retina,
	its licensors, and its suppliers make no representations or warranties about the following: 1. The
	accuracy, reliability, completeness, currentness, or timeliness of the Content, software, text,
	graphics, links, or communications provided on or through the use of the NYC Retina Site or NYC
	Retina.2. The satisfaction of any government regulations requiring disclosure of information on
	prescription drug products or the approval or compliance of any software tools with regard to the
	Content contained on the NYC Retina Site.In no event shall NYC Retina, its licensors, its suppliers,
	or any third parties mentioned on the NYC Retina Site be liable for any damages (including, without
	limitation, incidental and consequential damages, personal injury/wrongful death, lost profits, or
	damages resulting from lost data or business interruption) resulting from the use of or inability to
	use the NYC Retina Site or the Content, whether based on warranty, contract, tort, or any other
	legal theory, and whether or not NYC Retina, its licensors, its suppliers, or any third parties
	mentioned on the NYC Retina Site are advised of the possibility of such damages. NYC Retina, its
	licensors, its suppliers, or any third parties mentioned on the NYC Retina Site shall be liable only
	to the extent of actual damages incurred by you, not to exceed U.S. $1000. NYC Retina, its
	licensors, its suppliers, or any third parties mentioned on the NYC Retina Site are not liable for
	any personal injury, including death, caused by your use or misuse of the Site, Content, or Public
	Areas (as defined below). Any claims arising in connection with your use of the Site, any Content,
	or the Public Areas must be brought within one (1) year of the date of the event giving rise to such
	action occurred. Remedies under these Terms and Conditions are exclusive and are limited to those
	expressly provided for in these Terms and Conditions. Advertisements, Searches, and Links to Other
	Sites NYC Retina may provide links to third-party web sites. NYC Retina also may select certain
	sites as priority responses to search terms you enter and NYC Retina may agree to allow advertisers
	to respond to certain search terms with advertisements or sponsored content. NYC Retina does not
	recommend and does not endorse the content on any third-party websites. NYC Retina is not
	responsible for the content of linked third-party sites, sites framed within the NYC Retina Site,
	third-party sites provided as search results, or third-party advertisements, and does not make any
	representations regarding their content or accuracy. Your use of third-party websites is at your own
	risk and subject to the terms and conditions of use for such sites. NYC Retina does not endorse any
	product, service, or treatment advertised on the NYC Retina Site Indemnity You agree to defend,
	indemnify, and hold NYC Retina, its officers, directors, employees, agents, licensors, and
	suppliers, harmless from and against any claims, actions or demands, liabilities and settlements
	including without limitation, reasonable legal and accounting fees, resulting from, or alleged to
	result from, your violation of these Terms and Conditions. General NYC Retina is based in New York,
	New York, in the United States of America with principal offices in New York, New York. NYC Retina
	makes no claims that NYC Retina, or any Site within the NYC Retina Network and the Content are
	appropriate or may be downloaded outside of the United States. Access to the Content may not be
	legal by certain persons or in certain countries. If you access the NYC Retina Network from outside
	the United States, you do so at your own risk and are responsible for compliance with the laws of
	your jurisdiction. The following provisions survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement
	for any reason whatsoever: Liability, User Submissions, User Submissions – image, video, audio
	files, Indemnity, Jurisdiction, and Complete Agreement. Notice and Takedown Procedures; and
	Copyright Agent If you believe any materials accessible on or from the Site infringe your copyright,
	you may request removal of those materials (or access thereto) from this web site by contacting NYC
	Retina’s copyright agent (identified below) and providing the following information:
	Identification of the copyrighted work that you believe to be infringed. Please describe the work,
	and where possible include a copy or the location (e.g., URL) of an authorized version of the
	work.Identification of the material that you believe to be infringing and its location. Please
	describe the material, and provide us with its URL or any other pertinent information that will
	allow us to locate the material.Your name, address, telephone number and (if available) e-mail
	address.A statement that you have a good faith belief that the complained of use of the materials is
	not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.A statement that the information that
	you have supplied is accurate, and indicating that “under penalty of perjury,” you are the
	copyright owner or are authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.A signature or the
	electronic equivalent from the copyright holder or authorized representative.NYC Retina’s agent
	for copyright issues relating to this website is as follows: JONATHAN A. FEISTMANN, MD PCAttn:
	Copyright Issue20 E 9th St  New York, NY 10003Or call: (212) 203-0999 In an effort to protect the
	rights of copyright owners, NYC Retina maintains a policy for the termination, in appropriate
	circumstances, of subscribers and account holders of the Site who are repeat infringers. Complete
	Agreement Except as expressly provided in a particular “legal notice” on the NYC Retina Site,
	these Terms and Conditions and the NYC Retina Privacy Policy constitute the entire agreement between
	you and NYC Retina with respect to the use of the NYC Retina Site, and Content. Last Updated: July
	1, 2023 © 2023 JONATHAN A. FEISTMANN, MD PC. All rights reserved.
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### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 924
TITLE: Contact
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/contact/
EXCERPT: Manhattan Office 20 E 9th StreetNew York, NY 10003 Phone: (212) 203-0999Fax: (212) 202-4884Email: info@nycretina.com  Queens Office 107-21 Queens Blvd, Suite 9Forest Hills, NY 11375 Phone: (718) 285-7585Fax: (212) 202-4884Email: info@nycretina.com Free parking exclusively forNYC Retina patients. Entrance on 70th Ave, just off of north side of Queens Blvd service road.Get validation from front desk. Office Hours Monday – Friday:7:00 AM […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-07-07T06:40:47Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-07T06:40:48Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Manhattan Office 20 E 9th StreetNew York, NY 10003 Phone: (212) 203-0999Fax: (212)
	202-4884Email: info@nycretina.com  Queens Office 107-21 Queens Blvd, Suite 9Forest Hills, NY 11375
	Phone: (718) 285-7585Fax: (212) 202-4884Email: info@nycretina.com Free parking exclusively forNYC
	Retina patients. Entrance on 70th Ave, just off of north side of Queens Blvd service road.Get
	validation from front desk. Office Hours Monday – Friday:7:00 AM – 5:00 PM Early and Late
	appointment upon request. Available evenings and weekends for emergencies.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: conditions
ID: 907
TITLE: Diabetic Retinopathy
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/
EXCERPT: What Is Diabetic Retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetic condition that affects the eyes. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue that is present at the back of the eye. This damage to the blood vessels can lead to vision loss and blindness if it […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-06-30T08:05:41Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:15:52Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalCondition
META_seo_description: Discover the symptoms, causes, and treatments for diabetic retinopathy. Learn how to protect your vision from this progressive eye condition with NYC Retina!
META_medicalcondition_name: Diabetic Retinopathy
META_medicalcause01_name: High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina.
META_medicalcause02_name: High blood pressure
META_medicalcause03_name: high cholesterol, and smoking
META_signorsymptom01_name: blurred or distorted vision
META_signorsymptom02_name: floaters or spots in your field of vision
META_signorsymptom03_name: difficulty seeing at night, and dark or empty areas in your vision
META_riskfactor01_name: poor blood sugar control
META_riskfactor02_name: high blood pressure
META_riskfactor03_name: history of diabetes in the family.
TAX_condition: Diabetic Retinopathy
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What Is Diabetic Retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetic condition that affects the eyes. It
	is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue that is
	present at the back of the eye. This damage to the blood vessels can lead to vision loss and
	blindness if it is left untreated. Early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy can help
	prevent vision loss. What Are The Causes of Diabetic Retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is caused
	when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina. This damage can cause the blood
	vessels to bleed, leak or become blocked over time, which can lead to temporary vision loss or
	permanent  blindness. Other factors that may increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy include high
	blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at risk of
	developing diabetic retinopathy, especially if their diabetes is poorly controlled or has been poor
	controlled in the past. Maintaining good blood sugar control, in addition to having regular eye
	exams, can help reduce the risk of blindness from diabetic retinopathy.  What Are The Signs And
	Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy? Some of the signs and symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include
	blurred or distorted vision, floaters or spots in your field of vision, difficulty seeing at night,
	and dark or empty areas in your vision. In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, and sometimes
	even in the late stages, there may be no noticeable symptoms, which is why it is important for
	people with diabetes to have regular eye exams. If you experience any of these symptoms - it is
	important to consult with your provider.  What Are The Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy? There
	are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing diabetic retinopathy. These
	include poor blood sugar control, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and a history of
	diabetes in the family.  How Is Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosed? Diagnosing diabetic retinopathy
	involves a comprehensive eye exam by a qualified eye doctor who specializes in diabetic eye care.
	During your exam at NYC Retina, the doctor will dilate your pupils to better examine the retina in
	both eyes. They may also perform imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or
	fluorescein angiography to evaluate the retina. These tests can help detect any abnormalities or
	damage caused by diabetic retinopathy that might not be seen on exam and that might not be causing
	symptoms yet. If picked up early enough, this might help prevent blindness.  What Are Possible
	Treatments For Diabetic Retinopathy? There are several treatment options available for diabetic
	retinopathy, depending on the severity of the condition. In the early stages of diabetic
	retinopathy, treatment may involve managing other health conditions such as high blood pressure and
	high cholesterol, as well as maintaining good blood sugar control through diet and exercise. In more
	advanced cases, treatment may involve laser therapy to reduce swelling in the retina. Other
	treatment options include injections of medication to reduce swelling and prevent the growth of
	abnormal blood vessels, and vitrectomy surgery to remove scar tissue and blood from the eye. The
	goal of treatment is to prevent further damage to the retina, decrease risk of blindness and
	preserve vision.  Are There Preventative Steps or Measures To Avoid Diabetic Retinopathy? While
	there is no guaranteed way to prevent diabetic retinopathy, there are several steps you can take to
	help reduce your risk of developing this condition. Managing your blood sugar levels through diet,
	exercise, and medication is one of the most important ways to prevent diabetic retinopathy. It is
	also important to control other health conditions that can increase the risk of developing diabetic
	retinopathy, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Regular eye exams are also essential
	for early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. If you have diabetes, it is recommended
	to have a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year, or more frequently if recommended by your eye
	doctor. Other preventive measures include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, not smoking, and avoiding
	alcohol. By taking these steps, you can help reduce your risk of developing diabetic retinopathy and
	other diabetes-related complications. What Are The Risks If Diabetic Retinopathy Is Left Untreated?
	If diabetic retinopathy is not managed properly, it can cause damage to the retina, leading to
	swelling, bleeding, and scarring. This can result in blurred vision, distorted vision, and
	blindness. People with diabetic retinopathy may also be at an increased risk for other eye
	conditions such as glaucoma and cataracts. In addition to vision loss, untreated diabetic
	retinopathy can also increase the risk of other health problems, such as kidney failure, heart
	disease and stroke. Are There Other Related Conditions To Diabetic Retinopathy? There are several
	other eye conditions that are related to diabetic retinopathy, including diabetic macular edema,
	glaucoma, and cataracts. Diabetic macular edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the macula, which
	is the central part of the retina that is responsible for sharp, detailed vision.  Key Takeaways
	About Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetes that can cause
	vision loss and blindness if it is left untreated. Early detection and treatment can help prevent
	further damage to the retina and preserve vision. People with diabetes are also at an increased risk
	for other eye conditions, including diabetic macular edema, glaucoma, and cataracts. It is important
	to be aware of these conditions and have regular eye exams to check for them. Recommended Next Steps
	For Treating Diabetic Retinopathy If you think you are experiencing symptoms of diabetic
	retinopathy, request an appointment at NYC Retina today. 
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### START_RECORD
TYPE: lp
ID: 870
TITLE: Wet Macular Degeneration
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/lp/wet-macular-degeneration/
EXCERPT: (347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Wet Macular Degeneration Treatment New York New York’s Best Wet AMD Treatment Welcome to NYC Retina. We specialize in wet macular degeneration treatment. If you or your loved one is seeking effective solutions for wet AMD treatment, you’ve come to the right place. Our expert team is dedicated to providing […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-06-12T07:42:42Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-07T16:34:44Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_title: Best Wet Macular Degeneration Treatment | NYC Retina
META_seo_description: NYC Retina offers the best wet macular degeneration treatment in New York City. Trust our skilled doctors for comprehensive care. Book an appointment today!
BODY_CONTENT: |
	(347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Wet Macular Degeneration Treatment New York New York’s Best Wet
	AMD Treatment Welcome to NYC Retina. We specialize in wet macular degeneration treatment. If you or
	your loved one is seeking effective solutions for wet AMD treatment, you've come to the right place.
	Our expert team is dedicated to providing exceptional care and personalized treatment plans that
	address the unique needs of each patient. With our advanced treatments, including macular
	degeneration treatment injections, we aim to halt the progression of the disease and preserve your
	vision. Trust us to deliver the highest standard of care and the latest innovations in wet macular
	degeneration treatment. Contact us today to schedule your consultation and take the first step
	towards a brighter future. Book An Appointment Discover the best wet macular degeneration treatment
	in Manhattan. NYC Retina provides the best care for wet AMD treatment. Our World Class wet macular
	degeneration specialists are rooted in bringing a friendly, personalized touch to the heart of New
	Yorkers. Our Wet Macular Degeneration Specialists In NYC Jonathan Feistmann, MD Dr. Feistmann’s
	practice includes retinal disorders, posterior uveitis and secondary intraocular lens cases.Jonathan
	Feistmann, MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Feistmann completed
	his residency in ophthalmology at the University of Florida and completed his retina fellowship
	training at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary in Manhattan. Julia Shulman, MD Dr. Shulman’s practice
	includes both adult and pediatric retinal disorders, as well as posterior uveitis.Dr. Shulman is a
	board-certified ophthalmologist and vitreoretinal surgeon. Dr. Shulman graduated from Mount Sinai
	School of Medicine in New York. She completed her residency in ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear
	Infirmary, where she was chief resident, and completed her retina fellowship at Moran Eye Center at
	the University of Utah. Constance Mei, MD Dr. Constance Mei is the senior vitreoretinal surgery
	fellow at NYC Retina and Jamaica Hospital Medical Center. At Jamaica Hospital, Dr. Mei is relied
	upon to teach the residents and staff the retina clinic each week, under the mentorship of Dr. Julia
	Shulman. Prior to fellowship, Dr. Mei completed her ophthalmology residency at Jamaica Hospital
	Medical Center, where she was chief resident. Our Wet Macular Degeneration Services Intravitreal
	Injection Intravitreal Injection involves the precise administration of medication directly into the
	vitreous cavity of the eye. This treatment approach is utilized for wet macular degeneration and
	targets specific diseases with medication delivery. Patients can experience improved visual outcomes
	and enhanced management of their retinal health. Micropulse Laser Micropulse Laser is a cutting-edge
	treatment used in retinal care to address various retinal conditions. By delivering precise bursts
	of laser energy to the retina, it promotes healing and reduces the risk of tissue damage. This
	innovative technique is particularly effective in managing conditions like diabetic retinopathy,
	macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion. Request Your Appointment Today Request an Appointment
	About NYC Retina NYC Retina is home to New York’s leading retina specialist team. These highly
	trained ophthalmology subspecialists focus on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of vitreoretinal
	conditions. Treated conditions include retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes, posterior vitreous
	detachment, floaters, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, macular
	degeneration, macular holes, epiretinal membrane, posterior posterior uveitis, pediatric retinal
	diseases, dislocated intraocular lenses, eye trauma. Book An Appointment (347) 960-4323 Privacy
	Policy | Accessibility | Other Policies NYC Retina © 2023 All Rights Reserved.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: lp
ID: 866
TITLE: Retinal Detachments
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/lp/retinal-detachments/
EXCERPT: (347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Best Retinal Detachment Treatments | NYC Retina New York’s Best Traumatic Retinal Detachment Doctors Welcome to NYC Retina, your trusted destination for advanced retinal detachment treatments. If you’re seeking exceptional care for retina damage treatment or traumatic retinal detachment, you’ve come to the right place. Our experienced team of retinal […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-06-12T07:40:13Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-07T16:35:48Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_title: Best Retinal Detachment Treatments | NYC Retina
META_seo_description: NYC Retina offers the best retinal detachment treatments in the New York City area. Trust our skilled doctors for comprehensive care. Book an appointment today!
BODY_CONTENT: |
	(347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Best Retinal Detachment Treatments | NYC Retina New York’s Best
	Traumatic Retinal Detachment Doctors Welcome to NYC Retina, your trusted destination for advanced
	retinal detachment treatments. If you're seeking exceptional care for retina damage treatment or
	traumatic retinal detachment, you've come to the right place. Our experienced team of retinal
	detachment doctors is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for your eyes. From retinal
	detachment treatments to personalized treatment plans, we prioritize your eye health. With our
	advanced technologies and state-of-the-art facilities, we offer comprehensive solutions to restore
	and preserve your vision. Count on our expertise in managing vitreous detachment treatment with
	cutting-edge therapies. Don't compromise when it comes to your vision – schedule an appointment
	with our exceptional retinal detachment doctor today. Your eyes deserve the best. Book An
	Appointment Discover the best retinal detachment specialists in Manhattan. NYC Retina provides the
	best retinal detachment treatments. Our World Class retinal detachment specialists are rooted in
	bringing a friendly, personalized touch to the heart of New Yorkers. Our Retinal Detachment
	Specialist In NYC Jonathan Feistmann, MD Dr. Feistmann’s practice includes retinal disorders,
	posterior uveitis and secondary intraocular lens cases.Jonathan Feistmann, MD is a board-certified
	ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Feistmann completed his residency in ophthalmology at the
	University of Florida and completed his retina fellowship training at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary
	in Manhattan. Julia Shulman, MD Dr. Shulman’s practice includes both adult and pediatric retinal
	disorders, as well as posterior uveitis.Dr. Shulman is a board-certified ophthalmologist and
	vitreoretinal surgeon. Dr. Shulman graduated from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. She
	completed her residency in ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, where she was chief
	resident, and completed her retina fellowship at Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah.
	Constance Mei, MD Dr. Constance Mei is the senior vitreoretinal surgery fellow at NYC Retina and
	Jamaica Hospital Medical Center. At Jamaica Hospital, Dr. Mei is relied upon to teach the residents
	and staff the retina clinic each week, under the mentorship of Dr. Julia Shulman. Prior to
	fellowship, Dr. Mei completed her ophthalmology residency at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, where
	she was chief resident. Our Retinal Detachment Services Pneumatic Retinopexy Pneumatic retinopexy is
	an in-office procedure used to repair certain types of retinal detachments. Pneumatic retinopexy
	typically treats rhegmatous retinal... Learn More Scleral Buckling A scleral buckle is a surgical
	procedure used to repair a retinal detachment by supporting the retina tears from the... Learn More
	Vitrectomy Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the existing vitreous humor gel to allow for
	better access to the retina... Learn More Request Your Appointment Today Request an Appointment
	About NYC Retina NYC Retina is home to New York’s leading retina specialist team. These highly
	trained ophthalmology subspecialists focus on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of vitreoretinal
	conditions. Treated conditions include retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes, posterior vitreous
	detachment, floaters, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, macular
	degeneration, macular holes, epiretinal membrane, posterior posterior uveitis, pediatric retinal
	diseases, dislocated intraocular lenses, eye trauma. Book An Appointment (347) 960-4323 Privacy
	Policy | Accessibility | Other Policies NYC Retina © 2023 All Rights Reserved.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: lp
ID: 862
TITLE: Book an Appointment
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/lp/book-an-appointment/
EXCERPT: (347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment About NYC Retina NYC Retina is home to New York’s leading retina specialist team. These highly trained ophthalmology subspecialists focus on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of vitreoretinal conditions. Treated conditions include retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes, posterior vitreous detachment, floaters, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, macular degeneration, macular holes, […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-06-12T07:29:46Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-07T16:36:48Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
BODY_CONTENT: |
	(347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Please select preferred location Select Preferred
	LocationManhattanQueensNYC Retina - Manhattan Loading Available Doctors and Appointment Dates Please
	select reason for visit New Patient Established Patient Reason For Your VisitEye ConsultationEye
	FloatersFlashesRetina ExamEye InjectionsMacula ExamRetina LaserRetina SurgeryVision LossWavy Vision
	Reason For Your VisitEye ConsultationEye FloatersEye InjectionsFlashesMacula ExamRetina ExamRetina
	LaserRetina SurgeryVision LossWavy Vision Tell us the reason for your visit: I would like to see I
	do not have a preference I have a preference Jonathan Feistmann, MDJonathan Feistmann, MD is a
	board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Feistmann completed his residency in
	ophthalmology at the University of Florida and completed his retina fellowship training at New York
	Eye and Ear Infirmary in Manhattan. Dr. Feistmann has served as assistant professor of ophthalmology
	at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, adjunct assistant professor at the University of Utah and, prior
	to returning to New York, was the clinical director of the retina service at the University of
	Florida. Dr. Feistmann described a technique for bimanual intraocular lens rescue and
	transconjunctival scleral fixation that was published in RETINA in 2014 and also featured as one of
	the best new surgical techniques at the annual RETINA journal meeting that year. Additionally, Dr.
	Feistmann described a novel technique for the surgical repair of a macular hole, the “flower
	technique,” that has provided better visual outcomes for his patients. Dr. Feistmann is fluent in
	Spanish. Julia Shulman, MDJulia Shulman, MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina
	specialist. Dr. Shulman graduated from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. She completed her
	residency in ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, where she was chief resident, and
	completed her retina fellowship at Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah. Dr. Julia Shulman has
	published book chapters on Cryptococcosis and Corticosteroids in Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitis,
	2nd Edition, Retinopathy of Prematurity: Current Understanding Based on Clinical Trials in Pediatric
	Retina, and Trans Pars-Plana Sub-Retinal Fine Needle Biopsy in Surgical Mangement of Intraocular
	Inflammation and Infection. She is the author of AAO’s Focal Points module on retinopathy of
	prematurity, published in 2015. Dr. Shulman has presented at international meetings including
	American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and American Society of Retina Specialists. She has been an
	invited speaker at the Retina Society and the American Society of Pediatric Retina Specialists. Dr.
	Shulman is actively involved in teaching and is currently chair of the department of ophthalmology
	at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center. Additionally, Dr. Shulman screens and treats premature infants
	with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Jamaica
	Hospital. Dr. Julia Shulman is fluent in English, French, Hebrew, Russian, and Spanish. Constance
	Mei, MDDr. Constance Mei Constance Mei, MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina
	specialist. Dr. Mei completed her residency at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, where she was chief
	resident, and completed her retina fellowship at NYC Retina and Jamaica Hospital Medical Center. She
	is fluent in Cantonese and conversational in Mandarin Chinese. Dr. Jonathan Feistmann Rachel S.
	Mogil, MDRachel S. Mogil, MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Mogil
	completed her undergraduate degree at Duke University. She graduated from the Zucker School of
	Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell while also pursuing a research fellowship at the Manhattan Eye, Ear
	and Throat Hospital. She went on to complete her ophthalmology residency at Vanderbilt Eye
	Institute, followed by a fellowship in vitreoretinal surgery at the Mayo Clinic, where she also
	served as Clinical Instructor. She has presented at several national meetings including Women in
	Ophthalmology, the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, the American Society of
	Retina Specialists, and the Vit-Buckle Society. Dr. Mogil has authored several textbook chapters and
	original manuscripts in various peer-reviewed journals including Retinal Cases and Brief Reports,
	the Journal of Glaucoma, American Journal of Ophthalmology, and JAMA Ophthalmology. Dr. Mogil is
	certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) and is a member of the American Society of
	Retina Specialists (ASRS), the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), Women in Ophthalmology
	(WIO), and the Association of Women Surgeons (AWS). When would you like to request your appointment?
	Appointment date: * Appointment time: * Select Time Personal Information First Name * Last Name *
	Date of Birth * Email Address * Contact Number * Extension Number Will you use insurance? Health
	Insurance Self-Pay Select Your Health Insurance * Select Insurance Insurance #ID * We can shorten
	your waiting time experience if you provide this number for verification prior to your appointment.
	Insurance Co. Phone How did you find us? How did you find us? Please confirm that you are not a
	robot About NYC Retina NYC Retina is home to New York’s leading retina specialist team. These
	highly trained ophthalmology subspecialists focus on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of
	vitreoretinal conditions. Treated conditions include retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes,
	posterior vitreous detachment, floaters, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage,
	macular degeneration, macular holes, epiretinal membrane, posterior posterior uveitis, pediatric
	retinal diseases, dislocated intraocular lenses, eye trauma. Book An Appointment (347) 960-4323
	Privacy Policy | Accessibility | Other Policies NYC Retina © 2023 All Rights Reserved.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: lp
ID: 786
TITLE: Diabetic Retinopathy
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/lp/diabetic-retinopathy/
EXCERPT: (347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Diabetic Retinopathy Specialist New York New York’s Best Diabetic Eye Doctors Our experienced team of diabetic retinopathy specialists and doctors is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for your eyes. From diabetic eye screenings and exams to personalized treatment plans, we prioritize your eye health. Count on our expertise in managing […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-06-12T07:21:37Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-11T11:57:12Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_title: Best Diabetic Retinopathy Specialist | NYC Retina
META_seo_description: NYC Retina is the diabetic retinopathy specialists offering top-notch retinopathy treatment. Trust our skilled doctors for comprehensive care. Book an appointment today!
BODY_CONTENT: |
	(347) 960-4323 Book An Appointment Diabetic Retinopathy Specialist New York New York’s Best
	Diabetic Eye Doctors Our experienced team of diabetic retinopathy specialists and doctors is
	dedicated to providing comprehensive care for your eyes. From diabetic eye screenings and exams to
	personalized treatment plans, we prioritize your eye health. Count on our expertise in managing
	proliferative diabetic retinopathy with cutting-edge therapies. Don't compromise when it comes to
	your vision – schedule an appointment with our exceptional eye doctors for diabetes today. Your
	eyes deserve the best. Book An Appointment Discover the best diabetic retinopathy doctors in
	Manhattan ready to serve your diabetic eye care needs in New York City Our World Class diabetic eye
	care is rooted in bringing a friendly, personalized touch to the heart of New Yorkers. Our
	Retinopathy Doctors in NYC Jonathan Feistmann, MD Dr. Feistmann’s practice includes retinal
	disorders, posterior uveitis and secondary intraocular lens cases.Jonathan Feistmann, MD is a
	board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Feistmann completed his residency in
	ophthalmology at the University of Florida and completed his retina fellowship training at New York
	Eye and Ear Infirmary in Manhattan. Julia Shulman, MD Dr. Shulman’s practice includes both adult
	and pediatric retinal disorders, as well as posterior uveitis.Dr. Shulman is a board-certified
	ophthalmologist and vitreoretinal surgeon. Dr. Shulman graduated from Mount Sinai School of Medicine
	in New York. She completed her residency in ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, where
	she was chief resident, and completed her retina fellowship at Moran Eye Center at the University of
	Utah. Constance Mei, MD Dr. Constance Mei is the senior vitreoretinal surgery fellow at NYC Retina
	and Jamaica Hospital Medical Center. At Jamaica Hospital, Dr. Mei is relied upon to teach the
	residents and staff the retina clinic each week, under the mentorship of Dr. Julia Shulman. Prior to
	fellowship, Dr. Mei completed her ophthalmology residency at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, where
	she was chief resident. Diabetic Eye Care Services Intravitreal Injection Intravitreal Injection
	involves the precise administration of medication directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye. This
	painless treatment approach is utilized for severe cases of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic
	macular edema. Patients can experience improved visual outcomes and enhanced management of their
	retinal health. Panretinal Photocoagulation Panretinal Photocoagulation is a laser treatment used to
	manage proliferative diabetic retinopathy. During Panretinal Photocoagulation, a laser beam is
	directed onto the peripheral areas of the retina that are sick and receiving poor blood flow. This
	procedure helps to reduce the risk of severe vision loss and complications associated with diabetic
	retinopathy. Request Your Appointment Today Request an Appointment About NYC Retina NYC Retina is
	home to New York’s leading retina specialist team. These highly trained ophthalmology
	subspecialists focus on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of vitreoretinal conditions. Treated
	conditions include retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes, posterior vitreous detachment,
	floaters, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, macular degeneration, macular
	holes, epiretinal membrane, posterior posterior uveitis, pediatric retinal diseases, dislocated
	intraocular lenses, eye trauma. Book An Appointment (347) 960-4323 Privacy Policy | Accessibility |
	Other Policies NYC Retina © 2023 All Rights Reserved.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 746
TITLE: Other Policies
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/other-policies/
EXCERPT: This site is only intended to provide information on retinal conditions treated by and treatments offered by NYC Retina. None of the information provided on this website should be considered a replacement for a diagnosis or treatment recommendation from a medical professional. NYCRetina.com is fully self-funded and does not host advertisements of any kind.
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-21T03:59:12Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:28:55Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: View our other policies and procedures at NYC Retina
BODY_CONTENT: |
	This site is only intended to provide information on retinal conditions treated by and treatments
	offered by NYC Retina. None of the information provided on this website should be considered a
	replacement for a diagnosis or treatment recommendation from a medical professional. NYCRetina.com
	is fully self-funded and does not host advertisements of any kind.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 720
TITLE: Accessibility
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/accessibility/
EXCERPT: Updated: January 2019 We are continuously working to improve the accessibility of content on our website. Below, you’ll find a few recommendations to help make your browsing experience more accessible and to improve its compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1). The accessibility menu can be enabled by clicking the accessibility menu icon that […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-21T02:23:10Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T13:01:12Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: We strive to make our website accessibile to all our visitors. Here are some helpful tips to optimize your online experience.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Updated: January 2019 We are continuously working to improve the accessibility of content on our
	website. Below, you’ll find a few recommendations to help make your browsing experience more
	accessible and to improve its compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1).
	The accessibility menu can be enabled by clicking the accessibility menu icon that appears on the
	lower right corner of the page. After triggering the accessibility menu, please wait a moment for
	the accessibility menu to load in its entirety. If you have trouble seeing web pages and accessing
	the accessibility menu the US Social Security Administration offers these tips for optimizing your
	computer and browser to improve your online experience. Use your computer to read web pages out loud
	Use the keyboard to navigate screens Increase text size Magnify your screen Change background and
	text colors Make your mouse pointer more visible (Windows only) Despite our efforts to make all
	pages and content fully accessible, some content may not have yet been fully adapted to the
	strictest accessibility standards. This may be a result of not having found or identified the most
	appropriate technological solution. If the recommendations above do not meet your needs, we invite
	you to contact the office during regular business hours for assistance and any questions that you
	may have regarding our site.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 717
TITLE: Thank You
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/thank-you/
EXCERPT: We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina. We have operated on patients that have sought our help from over a dozen countries and our international following continues to grow. Whether is it to perform a surgery to repair a retinal detachment, provide a second opinion or do a yearly retina examination, […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-21T02:22:15Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:24:09Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina and operate on patients that have sought our help from dozens of countries as our following continues to grow.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina. We have operated on patients that have sought
	our help from over a dozen countries and our international following continues to grow. Whether is
	it to perform a surgery to repair a retinal detachment, provide a second opinion or do a yearly
	retina examination, we would like to help you. A few examples of local resources have been pinned on
	the map above. Please use it as a guide to help plan your visit to our office. Should you have any
	questions please contact our office. Airports: There are several major airports that service New
	York City. They are all approximately 30-45 minutes from our offices. The main three are: JFK
	Laguardia Newark There are several options for getting to and from the airport. Please check with
	your hotel as they may office a shuttle service. The main forms of transportation are: New York City
	Taxi / Yellow Cab (Curb App) Ride Hailing Apps (Uber, Lyft, Juno) NYC Airporter Shuttle Hotels:
	New York City, and especially our office, is easily accessible through mass transit or taxis. With
	hotels all over the city, you have many options for overnight accommodation. The below hotels are a
	few examples which are close to our office. Hotels near Manhattan Office: Wyndham Garden LaGuardia
	South Holiday Inn Express LaGuardia ARPT SpringHill Suites by Marriott New York LaGuardia Airport
	Hotels near Queens Office: Wyndham Garden LaGuardia South Holiday Inn Express LaGuardia ARPT
	SpringHill Suites by Marriott New York LaGuardia Airport Parking Garages: If you are driving to New
	York City or renting a car then a parking garage may be your best option as local street parking is
	very limited. Below are a few local parking garages within walking distance of our office. Parking
	garage near Manhattan office:  Discounted Pre-Pay Parking App (SpotHero) Icon Parking at 12-20 E.
	9TH Street Parking garage near Queens office: Entrance on 70th Ave, just off of the north side of
	Queens Blvd service road.Free parking exclusively for is for NYC Retina patients only. Get
	validation from the front desk.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 684
TITLE: Travel Resources
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/travel-resources/
EXCERPT: We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina. We have operated on patients that have sought our help from over a dozen countries and our international following continues to grow. Whether is it to perform a surgery to repair a retinal detachment, provide a second opinion or do a yearly retina examination, […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-07T02:55:57Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:23:55Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina and operate on patients that have sought our help from dozens of countries as our following continues to grow.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina. We have operated on patients that have sought
	our help from over a dozen countries and our international following continues to grow. Whether is
	it to perform a surgery to repair a retinal detachment, provide a second opinion or do a yearly
	retina examination, we would like to help you. A few examples of local resources have been pinned on
	the map above. Please use it as a guide to help plan your visit to our office. Should you have any
	questions please contact our office. Airports: There are several major airports that service New
	York City. They are all approximately 30-45 minutes from our offices. The main three are: JFK
	Laguardia Newark There are several options for getting to and from the airport. Please check with
	your hotel as they may office a shuttle service. The main forms of transportation are: New York City
	Taxi / Yellow Cab (Curb App) Ride Hailing Apps (Uber, Lyft, Juno) NYC Airporter Shuttle Hotels:
	New York City, and especially our office, is easily accessible through mass transit or taxis. With
	hotels all over the city, you have many options for overnight accommodation. The below hotels are a
	few examples which are close to our office. Hotels near Manhattan Office: Marlton Hotel Washington
	Square Park Hotel Hyatt Union Square Hotels near Queens Office: Wyndham Garden LaGuardia South
	Holiday Inn Express LaGuardia ARPT SpringHill Suites by Marriott New York LaGuardia Airport Parking
	Garages: If you are driving to New York City or renting a car then a parking garage may be your best
	option as local street parking is very limited. Below are a few local parking garages within walking
	distance of our office. Parking garage near Manhattan office:  Discounted Pre-Pay Parking App
	(SpotHero) Icon Parking at 12-20 E. 9TH Street Parking garage near Queens office: Entrance on 70th
	Ave, just off of the north side of Queens Blvd service road.Free parking exclusively for is for NYC
	Retina patients only. Get validation from the front desk.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 681
TITLE: Out of Town Patients
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/out-of-town-patients/
EXCERPT: We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina. We have operated on patients that have sought our help from over a dozen countries and our international following continues to grow. Whether is it to perform a surgery to repair a retinal detachment, provide a second opinion or do a yearly retina examination, […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-07T02:55:44Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:27:13Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: We recommend communicating with our friendly office staff either by email or phone prior to traveling to make sure that our doctors specialize in your specific problem.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	We see patients from all over the world at NYC Retina. We have operated on patients that have sought
	our help from over a dozen countries and our international following continues to grow. Whether is
	it to perform a surgery to repair a retinal detachment, provide a second opinion or do a yearly
	retina examination, we would like to help you. Prior to traveling to New York City from abroad, we
	recommend communicating with our friendly office staff either by email or phone to make sure
	that our doctors specialize in your specific problem. Additionally, we can set up a telephone or
	video call with one of the doctors to discuss your case with you prior to traveling to New York.
	After which, we will schedule your appointment with the doctor, where we will take imaging studies
	of your retina, and you will meet with the doctor who will review your history, perform a complete
	eye and retina examination, and discuss treatment options.As a potential new patient of NYC Retina,
	we recommend reading our pages on what to expect and health insurance. Regardless of what your
	health insurance status is, we will make every effort to try to help you. Should you have any
	questions please contact our office. To help plan your trip, we have put together a few travel
	resources to help plan your visit to our New York City location. There are a wide variety of
	medical issues that can affect the retina. If you are simply seeking a second opinion, it may be
	possible to schedule the imaging, examination, and consultation with the doctor such that you can
	arrive and leave on the same day. Otherwise, if you are traveling in for a surgery, you may need to
	plan to stay in New York for one to four weeks after surgery. One week may be sufficient if you will
	not need a gas bubble, such as in an epiretinal membrane peel or repositioning of a dislocated
	intraocular lens.  A four-week stay may be necessary if you will require a gas bubble in your eye
	after surgery, which is most often used to repair retinal detachments and macular holes. You must
	wait four weeks for the gas bubble to go away on its own after surgery prior to safely getting on an
	airplane. We see patients of all ages from infants to the elderly and manage complicated retinal
	disease ranging from retinopathy of prematurity, uveitis, retinal detachments, dislocated
	intraocular lenses, complications after cataract surgery, macular holes, epiretinal membranes,
	diabetic retinopathy. Depending on the retinal disease, we may need laser, surgery or monthly
	treatments or some people may only need to travel in to be seen once a year for preventative health
	monitoring. Please contact our office where we can help develop a treatment schedule to fit your
	needs or visit our FAQ page to learn more.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: team
ID: 229
TITLE: Jonathan Feistmann, MD
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/our-team/jonathan-feistmann-md/
EXCERPT: Publications Retina Times, Fall 2015 / Transitioning to ICD-10: Will the Disruption Be Worth It? In 1997, Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christiansen coined the term disruptive technology in his best-selling book, The Innovator’s Dilemma. There is a period of chaos after an organization implements new technology—or a new coding system such as ICD-10. Retina Times talked with 3 […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-01T07:07:44Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2025-11-10T06:55:44Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Person
META_TERM_staff_image: https://www.nycretina.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/bg-hsection_jonathan-jpg.webp
META_seo_description: Dr. Jonathan Feistmann is a board-certified Ophthalmologist and Retina Specialist.
META_google_listing_place_id: ChIJK7Mf4yZewokRsRQ9eTrdDTQ
TAX_staff: Jonathan Feistmann, MD
TAX_location: Manhattan
TAX_location: Queens
TAX_procedure: Vitrectomy
TAX_procedure: Pneumatic Retinopexy
TAX_procedure: Scleral Buckling
TAX_condition: Macular Pucker
TAX_condition: Retinal Detachment
TAX_condition: Macular Degeneration
TAX_condition: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
TAX_condition: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Publications Retina Times, Fall 2015 / Transitioning to ICD-10: Will the Disruption Be Worth It? In
	1997, Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christiansen coined the term disruptive
	technology in his best-selling book, The Innovator’s Dilemma. There is a period of chaos after
	an organization implements new technology—or a new coding system such as ICD-10. Retina
	Times talked with 3 thought leaders about implementing ICD-10 in retina practice, the integration
	with electronic health records (EHR)—and whether the disruption of the change to ICD-10 will
	ultimately be worth it. authors: Jonathan A. Feistmann, MD, PC (New York, Moderator), Reginald J.
	Sanders, MD (Section Editor) Download Article (PDF) Bimanual intraocular lens rescue with
	transconjunctival scleral fixation Scharioth and Pavlidis popularized a sutureless technique for
	intrascleral fixation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in 2007 by placing haptics in scleral suturing of
	haptics. […] We describe a bimanual technique for IOL rescue using a modified transconjunctival
	scleral fixation approach using skill sets and technology available to most vitreoretinal surgeons.
	This technique requires familiarity with bimanual intraocular maneuvers, transconjunctival
	sutureless cannula systems, chandelier lighting, and wide-angle viewing systems. authors: Feistmann
	Jonathan, Prasad S, Gentile RC, Kasuga DT, Bhullar SS, Joshi DD Download Article (PDF) Sources:
	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies, Inc.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: team
ID: 226
TITLE: Julia Shulman, MD
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/our-team/julia-shulman-md/
EXCERPT: Publications Cryptococcal chorioretinitis with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory syndrome in the context of immune restoration directed at a specific infectious antigen despite resolution of infection, often associated with opportunistic infections. IRIS has been reported in 30% to 35% of HIV patients who have cryptococcosis in whom antiretroviral […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-01T07:07:33Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2025-11-10T06:55:52Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Person
META_TERM_staff_image: https://www.nycretina.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/bg-hsection_julia-jpg.webp
META_seo_description: Dr. Julia Shulman is a board-certified Opthalmologist and Retinal Specialist who is fluent in English, French, Hebrew, Russian, and Spanish.
META_google_listing_place_id: ChIJK7Mf4yZewokRTQrC1ZjyQZA
TAX_staff: Julia Shulman, MD
TAX_location: Manhattan
TAX_location: Queens
TAX_procedure: Pneumatic Retinopexy
TAX_procedure: Scleral Buckling
TAX_procedure: Vitrectomy
TAX_condition: Macular Pucker
TAX_condition: Retinal Detachment
TAX_condition: Macular Degeneration
TAX_condition: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
TAX_condition: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Publications Cryptococcal chorioretinitis with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Immune
	Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory syndrome in the context of immune
	restoration directed at a specific infectious antigen despite resolution of infection, often
	associated with opportunistic infections. IRIS has been reported in 30% to 35% of HIV patients who
	have cryptococcosis in whom antiretroviral therapy was initiated. We would like to report a case of
	IRIS localized to the eye secondary to cryptococcal infection. authors: Shulman Julia, de la Cruz
	EL, Latkany P, Milman T, Iacob C, Sanjana V Sources: Informa Healthcare Taylor & Francis EBSCO
	Whole-body 18FDG PET-CT imaging of systemic sarcoidosis: ophthalmic oncology and uveitis PURPOSE: To
	describe whole-body 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed radiographic
	tomography (PET-CT) imaging of ophthalmic patients with systemic sarcoidosis. RESULTS: In all cases,
	PET-CT revealed focal systemic lesions with increased uptake (SUV range 1.7-5.9 kg/mL). Cases 1 and
	2 had a previous diagnosis of sarcoidosis (without ocular involvement), while cases 3 and 4 were
	diagnosed during their work-up. PET-CT revealed the presence and distribution of systemic sarcoid
	granulomas. authors: Shulman Julia, Latkany P, Chin KJ, Finger PT Sources: Informa Healthcare Taylor
	& Francis EBSCO Failed descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty grafts: a
	clinicopathologic analysis PURPOSE: To describe the clinicopathologic findings in failed
	Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) grafts. RESULTS: DSAEK failure was
	strongly associated with postoperative lenticle dislocation. Graft failure was primary in 19 DSAEKs
	and secondary to rejection, eccentric trephination with epithelial inggrid-xth, or bacterial
	infection in the remaining 3. All failed grafts demonstrated endothelial hypocellularity and stromal
	edema. Additional findings included stromal inflammation (68%), interface fibrosis (50%),
	retrocorneal membrane (36%), unplanned retention of Descemet membrane (14%), immunoreactivity for
	HSV-1 (14%), paucicellular stroma (14%), and uneven trephination with epithelial inggrid-xth (5%).
	authors: Shulman Julia, Kropinak M, Ritterband DC, Perry HD, Seedor JA, McCormick SA, Milman T
	Sources: Elsevier Science Clinical Key Refractory Lupus Choroidopathy ABSTRACT: We report a case of
	bilateral lupus Choroidopathy and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis in a 43-year-old female
	with systemic lupus erythematous. The patient improved systemically on high dose steroids and liver
	transplant drug. Choroiditis flared and escalation of therapy with chemo therapy drug achieved CNS
	disease control. Choroiditis refractory to systemic therapy improved with micropulse laser therapy.
	Sequential cyanine dye angiography and enhanced depth imaging of optic coherence tomography allowed
	monitoring the response to therapy. KEYWORDS: Lupus Choroidopathy; Choroiditis; uveitis; systemic
	lupus erythematous; Spectral domain optical coherence tomography authors: Ana M. Suelves, David
	Fernandez and Julia P. Shulmanpublished: October 20, 2015 Download Article (PDF) Practice Patterns
	in Ophthalmic Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity in the United States PURPOSE: To assess
	the types of dilating drops used, their perceived safety and the need to monitor preterm infants
	with retinopathy of prematurity during eye examinations. RESULTS: Of 86 responders (29 retina
	specialists, 33 pediatric ophthalmologists, 24 neonatologists), most used cyclomydrilTM combination
	drops. 29% of neonatologists reported serious side effects from dilating drops compared to 8% of
	ophthalmologists. 50% of neonatologists compared to 6% of ophthalmologists expressed the need to
	monitor some infants’ vital signs during dilated eye examinations. authors: Ana Suelves, Julia
	Shulman, Majida Gaffar, Ajey Jain and M. Elizabeth Hartnettpublished: October 05, 2015 Download
	Article (PDF) Scanning laser polarimetry reveals status of RNFL integrity in eyes with optic nerve
	head swelling by OCT PURPOSE: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) shows retinal nerve fiber layer
	(RNFL) thickening in optic nerve head (ONH) swelling, but does not provide information on acute
	axonal disruption. It was hypothesized that scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) compared with OCT might
	reveal the status of axon integrity and visual prognosis in acute RNFL swelling. RESULTS: At
	presentation, average RNFL by OCT was similar for eyes with papilledema and NAION (P = 0.97), and
	reduced for optic neuritis. Average RNFL by SLP was slightly increased for papilledema and optic
	neuritis, and reduced for NAION (P = 0.02) eyes. The RNFL by SLP was reduced in at least one
	quadrant in 1 eye with papilledema, 1 eye with optic neuritis, and in 13 eyes with NAION. In NAION
	eyes, quadrants with reduced SLP had corresponding visual field loss that did not recover. By one
	month, eyes with NAION showed RNFL thinning by OCT (7/17 eyes) and by SLP (14/16 eyes) in contrast
	to optic neuritis (by OCT, 0/12, P = 0.006; and by SLP, 1/12, P = 0.0004). authors: Kupersmith MJ,
	Kardon R, Durbin M, Horne M, Shulman Julia Download Article (PDF) Sources: Silverchair Information
	Systems Europe PubMed Central PubMed Central PubMed Central Canada Optical coherence
	tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging of optic nerve head drusen BACKGROUND AND
	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (OCT/SLO) imaging
	for optic nerve head drusen (ONHD). RESULTS: OCT/SLO imaging of ONHD demonstrated lucencies (100%),
	variable amounts of displacement, and thickening of the overlying nerve fiber layer, as well as
	disorganization of the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (44%). Optic nerve head topography was
	measured (using horizontal and vertical electronic calipers). Mean disc diameter was 1.81 mm (range:
	1.49 to 2.12 mm). All ONHD demonstrated anterior displacement of the base of the optic nerve cup
	(shallowing) compared to controls. The cup base was a mean +0.32 mm anterior to the retinal pigment
	epithelium for ONHD versus -0.23 mm for normal controls. authors: Patel NN, Shulman Julia, Chin KJ,
	Finger PT Source: SLACK Incorporated
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: team
ID: 223
TITLE: Constance Mei, MD
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/our-team/constance-mei-md/
EXCERPT: 
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2023-03-01T07:07:24Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:29:37Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Person
META_TERM_staff_image: https://www.nycretina.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Dr.-Mei-scaled-1-jpeg.webp
META_seo_description: Meet Constance Mei, MD and learn about her experience and qualifications.
TAX_staff: Constance Mei, MD
TAX_location: Manhattan
TAX_location: Queens
TAX_procedure: Pneumatic Retinopexy
TAX_procedure: Scleral Buckling
TAX_procedure: Vitrectomy
TAX_condition: Macular Pucker
TAX_condition: Retinal Detachment
TAX_condition: Macular Degeneration
TAX_condition: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
TAX_condition: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
BODY_CONTENT: |
	
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 135
TITLE: Patient Reviews
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/patient-reviews/
EXCERPT: 
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2022-05-25T03:38:09Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:26:48Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: View our verified patient reviews and share their stories of NYC Retina's comprehensive retina and eye procedures.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 109
TITLE: 404 – Not Found
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/404-not-found/
EXCERPT: OOOOPS! This isn’t the page you’re looking for…  NYC Retina – Manhattan 20 E 9th Street New York, NY 10003 Phone: (212) 203-0999 Fax: (212) 202-4884 NYC Retina – Queens 107-21 Queens Blvd, Suite 9Forest Hills, NY 11375 Phone: (718) 285-7585Fax: (212) 202-4884
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2021-01-14T13:58:34Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-21T03:58:03Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
BODY_CONTENT: |
	OOOOPS! This isn't the page you're looking for...  Home Patient Reviews Request an Appointment
	Macular Pucker Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters) Retinal Detachment Pneumatic Retinopexy
	Scleral Buckling Vitrectomy NYC Retina - Manhattan 20 E 9th Street New York, NY 10003 Phone: (212)
	203-0999 Fax: (212) 202-4884 NYC Retina - Queens107-21 Queens Blvd, Suite 9Forest Hills, NY
	11375Phone: (718) 285-7585Fax: (212) 202-4884
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 104
TITLE: Request an Appointment
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/request-an-appointment/
EXCERPT: Please submit your Appointment Request below and someone will get back to you within 24 hours.  If you are having a medical emergency related to your eyes, please call our office immediately: (212) 203-0999
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2020-11-16T06:38:25Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T12:25:22Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: Please use this form to request an appointment with the NYC Retina team!
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Please submit your Appointment Request below and someone will get back to you within 24 hours.  If
	you are having a medical emergency related to your eyes, please call our office immediately: (212)
	203-0999 Please select preferred location Select Preferred LocationManhattanQueensNYC Retina -
	Manhattan Loading Available Doctors and Appointment Dates Please select reason for visit New Patient
	Established Patient Reason For Your VisitEye ConsultationEye FloatersFlashesRetina ExamEye
	InjectionsMacula ExamRetina LaserRetina SurgeryVision LossWavy Vision Reason For Your VisitEye
	ConsultationEye FloatersEye InjectionsFlashesMacula ExamRetina ExamRetina LaserRetina SurgeryVision
	LossWavy Vision Tell us the reason for your visit: I would like to see I do not have a preference I
	have a preference Jonathan Feistmann, MDJonathan Feistmann, MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist
	and retina specialist. Dr. Feistmann completed his residency in ophthalmology at the University of
	Florida and completed his retina fellowship training at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary in Manhattan.
	Dr. Feistmann has served as assistant professor of ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary,
	adjunct assistant professor at the University of Utah and, prior to returning to New York, was the
	clinical director of the retina service at the University of Florida. Dr. Feistmann described a
	technique for bimanual intraocular lens rescue and transconjunctival scleral fixation that was
	published in RETINA in 2014 and also featured as one of the best new surgical techniques at the
	annual RETINA journal meeting that year. Additionally, Dr. Feistmann described a novel technique for
	the surgical repair of a macular hole, the “flower technique,” that has provided better visual
	outcomes for his patients. Dr. Feistmann is fluent in Spanish. Julia Shulman, MDJulia Shulman, MD is
	a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Shulman graduated from Mount Sinai
	School of Medicine in New York. She completed her residency in ophthalmology at New York Eye and Ear
	Infirmary, where she was chief resident, and completed her retina fellowship at Moran Eye Center at
	the University of Utah. Dr. Julia Shulman has published book chapters on Cryptococcosis and
	Corticosteroids in Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitis, 2nd Edition, Retinopathy of Prematurity:
	Current Understanding Based on Clinical Trials in Pediatric Retina, and Trans Pars-Plana Sub-Retinal
	Fine Needle Biopsy in Surgical Mangement of Intraocular Inflammation and Infection. She is the
	author of AAO’s Focal Points module on retinopathy of prematurity, published in 2015. Dr. Shulman
	has presented at international meetings including American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and
	American Society of Retina Specialists. She has been an invited speaker at the Retina Society and
	the American Society of Pediatric Retina Specialists. Dr. Shulman is actively involved in teaching
	and is currently chair of the department of ophthalmology at Jamaica Hospital Medical Center.
	Additionally, Dr. Shulman screens and treats premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
	in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Jamaica Hospital. Dr. Julia Shulman is fluent in
	English, French, Hebrew, Russian, and Spanish. Constance Mei, MDDr. Constance Mei Constance Mei, MD
	is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Mei completed her residency at
	Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, where she was chief resident, and completed her retina fellowship
	at NYC Retina and Jamaica Hospital Medical Center. She is fluent in Cantonese and conversational in
	Mandarin Chinese. Dr. Jonathan Feistmann Rachel S. Mogil, MDRachel S. Mogil, MD is a board-certified
	ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Mogil completed her undergraduate degree at Duke
	University. She graduated from the Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell while also
	pursuing a research fellowship at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. She went on to
	complete her ophthalmology residency at Vanderbilt Eye Institute, followed by a fellowship in
	vitreoretinal surgery at the Mayo Clinic, where she also served as Clinical Instructor. She has
	presented at several national meetings including Women in Ophthalmology, the Association for
	Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, the American Society of Retina Specialists, and the Vit-Buckle
	Society. Dr. Mogil has authored several textbook chapters and original manuscripts in various
	peer-reviewed journals including Retinal Cases and Brief Reports, the Journal of Glaucoma, American
	Journal of Ophthalmology, and JAMA Ophthalmology. Dr. Mogil is certified by the American Board of
	Ophthalmology (ABO) and is a member of the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS), the
	American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), Women in Ophthalmology (WIO), and the Association of Women
	Surgeons (AWS). When would you like to request your appointment? Appointment date: * Appointment
	time: * Select Time Personal Information First Name * Last Name * Date of Birth * Email Address *
	Contact Number * Extension Number Will you use insurance? Health Insurance Self-Pay Select Your
	Health Insurance * Select Insurance Insurance #ID * We can shorten your waiting time experience if
	you provide this number for verification prior to your appointment. Insurance Co. Phone How did you
	find us? How did you find us? Please confirm that you are not a robot
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 21
TITLE: Retina Specialists
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/
EXCERPT: New York Retina Specialists NYC Retina is home to New York’s leading retina specialist team. These highly trained ophthalmology subspecialists focus on diagnosis and treatment of a variety of retinal and macular disorders. Treated conditions include diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes, epiretinal membrane, macular hole, posterior vitreous detachment, floaters, macular edema, vitreous […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2020-09-29T03:25:51Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-07-20T14:11:28Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_title: NYC Retina | Retina Specialists | Manhattan and Queens
META_seo_description: NYC Retina is New York’s leading retina specialist team. Our highly trained Opthamologists focus on diagnosis and treatment of complex retina conditions.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	New York Retina Specialists Schedule an Appointment NYC Retina is home to New York’s leading
	retina specialist team. These highly trained ophthalmology subspecialists focus on diagnosis and
	treatment of a variety of retinal and macular disorders. Treated conditions include diabetic
	retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinal tears/holes, epiretinal membrane,
	macular hole, posterior vitreous detachment, floaters, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage,
	dislocated intraocular lens, eye trauma. Our Retina Specialists offer extended hours including
	before and after work. We are available for emergencies. Jonathan Feistmann, MD Jonathan Feistmann,
	MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Feistmann completed his residency
	in ophthalmology at the University... Learn More Julia Shulman, MD Julia Shulman, MD is a
	board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Shulman graduated from Mount Sinai School
	of Medicine in... Learn More Constance Mei, MD Dr. Constance Mei Constance Mei, MD is a
	board-certified ophthalmologist and retina specialist. Dr. Mei completed her residency at Jamaica...
	Learn More Rachel S. Mogil, MD Rachel S. Mogil, MD is a board-certified ophthalmologist and retina
	specialist. Dr. Mogil completed her undergraduate degree at Duke University.... Learn More
	Conditions Treated Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetic condition that affects
	the eyes. It is caused by damage to the blood vessels in...
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 714
TITLE: Covid-19 Statement
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/covid-19-statement/
EXCERPT: Updated: May 26, 2020 To All Of Our Patients & Friends, We are currently open for in-person, telephone, and video consultations with the physician. Please call or text us so we can properly assess what would be best for your eye and safest for you. We are working hard to keep all of our patients, […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2020-03-24T02:16:00Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T13:02:28Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: NYC Retina is currently open for in-person, telephone, and video consultations with the physician. Please call or text us so we can properly assess what would be best for your eye and safest for you.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Updated: May 26, 2020 To All Of Our Patients & Friends, We are currently open for in-person,
	telephone, and video consultations with the physician. Please call or text us so we can properly
	assess what would be best for your eye and safest for you. We are working hard to keep all of our
	patients, staff, and doctors safe and doing our part to stop the spread of COVID-19, while also
	being here to take care of you. Information On Practices And Measures Being Taken Please be
	reassured that at ALL times, this office is practicing the Universal Precaution Guidelines. For
	in-person office visits, we are strictly following the latest guidelines set forth by the CDC and
	American Academy of Ophthalmology. If you come into our office, it is important that you know you
	will be required to wear a mask at all times. All rooms are sanitized between patients and
	appointments are spaced out in such a way that no one is gathering in the waiting room. All staff
	and physicians are wearing gloves and a mask at all times. Information On COVID-19 And Symptomatic
	Patients We respectfully request that if you are sick or unwell, please go to the NYC Health website
	for updated information or contact your primary care provider. Let us all work collectively together
	to keep everyone safe and healthy during these uncertain times. Please let us know if we can help
	you and stay safe. – NYC Retina
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 723
TITLE: Health on the Net Certification
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/health-on-the-net/
EXCERPT: NYC Retina HONcode identification number: HONConduct700644 Verify: https://www.hon.ch/HONcode/Conduct.html?HONConduct700644 A search for quality information is like a shot in the dark: neither will reliably hit their target. Thus there is a crucial need to assess how trustworthy a given health Web resource is. Health on the Net (HON) aims to guide health information seekers towards reliable and […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2020-03-04T02:25:00Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T13:01:40Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: Health on the Net Certification and information for NYC Retina.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	NYC Retina HONcode identification number: HONConduct700644
	Verify: https://www.hon.ch/HONcode/Conduct.html?HONConduct700644 A search for quality information
	is like a shot in the dark: neither will reliably hit their target. Thus there is a crucial need to
	assess how trustworthy a given health Web resource is. Health on the Net (HON) aims to guide health
	information seekers towards reliable and trustworthy health information online. HON is a
	non-governmental organization that has been granted consultative status with the Economic and Social
	Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC). It is recognised by ISO (International Organisation for
	Standardization) as a ISO liaison with the Health Informatics Technical Committee – ISO/TC 215.
	HON is a part of the 200 NGOs worldwide in special relations with the World Health Organization
	(WHO).
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: conditions
ID: 199
TITLE: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/central-serous-chorioretinopathy/
EXCERPT: What Is Central Serous Chorioretinopathy? Central Serous Chorioretinopathy or Central Serous Retinopathy (CSC or CSR) is a disorder that causes the accumulation of fluid under the macula in an otherwise healthy eye. This accumulation of fluid under the macula causes blurring of the central vision in the affected eye. What Are The Causes Of CSC? […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-12-18T06:56:49Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:15:52Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalCondition
META_seo_description: Learn about central serous chorioretinopathy and its treatment options.
META_authorbiobox_use_medical_headline: checked
META_authorbiobox_use_medical_introduction: checked
META_medicalcondition_name: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
META_medicalcondition_alternatename: Central Serous Retinopathy
META_medicalcondition_alternatename02: CSC
META_medicalcondition_alternatename03: CSR
META_medicalcause01_name: inhaler for asthma
META_medicalcause02_name: nasal spray and injection of steroids for a joint or back injury
META_medicalcause03_name: skin cream prescribed by a dermatologist
META_signorsymptom01_name: blurriness
META_signorsymptom02_name: a smudge or gray spot near the center of your vision
META_riskfactor01_name: affects men more commonly than women.
META_riskfactor02_name: middle-aged people more often than older adults, with most cases occurring between the ages of 30 and 50
TAX_condition: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What Is Central Serous Chorioretinopathy? Central Serous Chorioretinopathy or Central Serous
	Retinopathy (CSC or CSR) is a disorder that causes the accumulation of fluid under the macula in an
	otherwise healthy eye. This accumulation of fluid under the macula causes blurring of the central
	vision in the affected eye. What Are The Causes Of CSC? It is unclear what causes Central Serous
	Chorioretinopathy. However, we do know that CSC can be exacerbated by corticosteroid use. It is
	important to note that corticosteroids do not cause CSC, but if you have CSC, corticosteroids can
	make the condition worse. Corticosteroids that areare commonly associated with a worsening of CSC
	are: inhaler for asthma nasal spray skin cream prescribed by a dermatologist injection of steroids
	for a joint or back injury Other hormone changes in the body can also make CSC worse such as
	pregnancy. Usually CSC may worsen in the third trimester of pregnancy and often resolves on its own
	after delivery. What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Central Serous Retinopathy? The most common
	symptom of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is blurriness, a smudge or gray spot near the center of
	your vision. A patient will usually notice this only in one eye, but closer examination will often
	find the presence of CSC in the other eye as well. When the fluid under the retina is not under the
	macula there are often no symptoms or apparent blurriness. (Note: the macula is the center of the
	retina and therefore is responsible for the center of our vision). What Are The Risk Factors Of CSR?
	For reasons which are not known, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy affects men more commonly than
	women. CSC also affects middle-aged people more often than older adults, with most cases occurring
	between the ages of 30 and 50, although it can occur in someone in their 20s or 60s. How Is Central
	Serous Chorioretinopathy Diagnosed? If you visit NYC Retina after noticing blurred vision in one or
	both eyes, we will begin with a vision test, followed by a complete eyeexam of both eyes by a
	retinal specialist looking for the fluid buildup under the retina/macula. A retinal scan using
	Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) will be necessary to allow your physician to examine the affected
	area on a microscopic level. Another test that can help with identifying location of any fluid
	leakage is fluorescein angiography (IVFA). With IVFA, a safe, vegetable dye is injected into a vein
	in your arm. The dye travels through your vein to the blood vessels in the retina. Photos are then
	taken of your retina with a special camera. The camera can detect if the dye is leaking out of the
	blood vessels and pooling under the retina. Tthis will show up in the photos. Your retina specialist
	will review the OCT and IVFA with you and discuss your prognosis and treatment plan. What Are The
	Possible Treatments For Central Serous Retinopathy? Prior to discussing any treatment options,
	please alert your retina specialist of any corticosteroids or hormone therapy that you may be
	taking. As mentioned above, commonly used corticosteroids in patients with CSC are: inhaler for
	asthma, nasal spray, skin cream prescribed by a dermatologist or injection of steroids in your
	joints/back. The first step is discontinuing any corticosteroid use if it is safe for you to stop
	taking them. Discontinuing corticosteroid use should only be done after consulting with the doctor
	who prescribed them to ensure that it is safe to stop usage. Of note, it is best to abstain from
	using even a small amount of low dose steroids as even that can cause an exacerbation of CSC. If
	steroids cannot be avoided, then CSC will be managed with observation and/or laser as mentioned. The
	second step is to allow time for the subretinal fluid to clear on its own. Fortunately, the
	subretinal fluid often clears on its own with time and with no intervention. If the fluid does not
	clear in 3-6 months, then micropulse laser is considered. Micropulse laser can be repeated multiple
	times if there is no resolution of subretinal fluid or improvement of your symptoms. If after
	multiple treatments with micropulse laser there is still persistent subretinal fluid, focal laser
	may be considered. If there is still no improvement then photodynamic therapy (PDT laser) and/or
	intravitreal injections may be considered as a last resort. Once the fluid clears, the vision
	typically improves. The vision may improve partially or improve all the way back to normal. If the
	vision does not improve all the way back to normal it is usually due to damage done to the macula
	caused by the subretinal fluid. Unfortunately, this imperfect vision may be permanent. Laser
	Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy There are two main types of laser treatment for CSC
	that we use at NYC Retina: micropulse laser and focal laser. Both types of laser are safe and
	effective. There are a few key differences that we will discuss below. Micropulse laser is a shorter
	pulse of laser compared to conventional, continuous wave laser (focal). The purpose of the laser is
	to stimulate the pigmented cells under the retina to reduce fluid leakage from the small blood
	vessels in the macula and facilitate the body’s removal of the excess fluid. If the fluid under
	the macula clears, the vision should improve. Focal laser is a continuous pulse of laser as opposed
	to a “micro” pulse. This type of laser can be very effective in CSC when there is a clear,
	single leaking point or "hot spot" seen on the fluorescein angiogram. When focal laser treatment is
	successful, the fluid under the macula may clear leading to vision improvement. Of note, although
	the vision may improve, it may not improve all the way back to normal if permanent damage has been
	done to the macula and pigmented cells under the macula caused by the subretinal fluid. Both of
	these laser treatments have a risk of not effectively clearing the fluid under the macula and
	failing to improve vision. There is also some risk of the laser leaving behind a small dark or blind
	spot near the center of the patient’s field of vision. The risk of a noticeable blind spot is low
	in both forms of laser, but the risk is lower with micropulse laser than with focal laser.
	Therefore, micropulse laser is often done first. Focal laser is done if micropulse laser does not
	work, or if there is a hot spot that would be conducive specifically to focal laser treatment. Both
	lasers are usually well tolerated and may be considered when the benefits outweigh the risks. Your
	retina specialist will discuss the risk/benefits with you at length prior to proceeding with any
	treatment option. Are There Preventative Steps Or Measures To Avoid CSC? Besides avoiding usage of
	corticosteroids, there are some indications that a healthy lifestyle may decrease your risk of
	Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. These include getting enough sleep, minimizing alcohol and
	caffeine, and stress reduction through exercise and/or meditation. What Are The Risks If CSR Is Left
	Untreated? Even successful treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy does not guarantee that
	fluid buildup will not recur in the future in either eye. These recurrent episodes may be separated
	by months or years. If nothing is done to alleviate fluid buildup and the fluid does not clear on
	its own, it may cause damage to the macula which may result in permanent worsening of vision. Key
	Takeaways About Central Serous Chorioretinopathy If you notice any sudden changes in your vision, do
	not hesitate to schedule an appointment to discover the root of the issue. If untreated, many eye
	conditions can cause deterioration and permanent damage to your vision. Many cases of Central Serous
	Chorioretinopathy resolve on their own over time, but once the condition has been diagnosed, our
	retina specialists can work with you to find the best possible treatment option.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: page
ID: 3
TITLE: Privacy Policy
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/privacy-policy/
EXCERPT: www.nycretina.com uses google analytics. Google Analytics is a piece of software that tracks data about our visitors. What does Google Analytics record? What website you came from to get here.How long you stay for.What kind of computer you’re using.And quite a bit more.What do we do with your data? The tracking information allows me to […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-09-12T17:11:05Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2023-03-22T13:02:06Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: Article
META_seo_description: We are committed to protecting your privacy and developing technology that gives you the most powerful and safe online experience.
BODY_CONTENT: |
	www.nycretina.com uses google analytics. Google Analytics is a piece of software that tracks data
	about our visitors. What does Google Analytics record? What website you came from to get here.How
	long you stay for.What kind of computer you’re using.And quite a bit more.What do we do with your
	data? The tracking information allows me to better understand the kind of people who come to my site
	and what content they’re reading. This allows me to make better decisions about design and
	writing. Occasionally, we will compile aggregate statistics about the number of visitors this site
	receives and browsers being used. No personally identifying data is included in this type of
	reporting. All of my activity falls within the bounds of the Google Analytics Terms of Service.
	Want to opt out of tracking? You can also opt out of Google’s advertising tracking
	cookie or use a browser plugin to opt out of all Google Analytics tracking software.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: locations
ID: 217
TITLE: Queens
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/locations/queens-new-york-city/
EXCERPT: Visit us in Queens Give us a call: Email: Location: Office Hours: Location Diretion Print Manhattan MapGet Directions
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-02-06T07:01:36Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2026-06-08T14:09:30Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalClinic
META_TERM_accepts_new_patients: Yes
META_TERM_location_headline: NYC Retina - Queens
META_TERM_location_street: 107-21 Queens Blvd
META_TERM_location_suite: Suite 9
META_TERM_location_city: Forest Hills
META_TERM_location_state: NY
META_TERM_location_zip: 11375
META_TERM_location_phone: (718) 285-7585
META_TERM_location_fax: (212) 202-4884
META_TERM_location_email: info@nycretina.com
META_TERM_location_officehours: Monday – Friday: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM<br> Select Saturdays:<br> 6:00 AM – 3:00 PM<br> Early and Late appointment upon request.<br> Available evenings and weekends for emergencies.
META_TERM_location_directions: Entrance on 70th Ave, just off of north side of Queens Blvd service road. Get validation from front desk.
META_TERM_location_directions_link: https://goo.gl/maps/ijJeNXYKcRG2
META_TERM_location_cross_streets: Queens Boulevard and 70th Road
META_TERM_location_parking: Free parking exclusively for NYC Retina patients. Entrance on 70th Ave, just off of north side of Queens Blvd service road.
META_TERM_location_mass_transit: Forest Hills – 71 Av – E, F, M, R
META_google_listing_place_id: ChIJFWtGP55ZwokRxhrHJoAYK3M
TAX_staff: Julia Shulman, MD
TAX_staff: Constance Mei, MD
TAX_staff: Rachel S. Mogil, MD
TAX_staff: Jonathan Feistmann, MD
TAX_location: Queens
TAX_procedure: Pneumatic Retinopexy
TAX_procedure: Scleral Buckling
TAX_procedure: Vitrectomy
TAX_condition: Macular Pucker
TAX_condition: Retinal Detachment
TAX_condition: Macular Degeneration
TAX_condition: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
TAX_condition: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Visit us in Queens Give us a call: (718) 285-7585 Email: info@nycretina.com Location: 107-21 Queens
	Blvd Suite 9 Forest Hills Office Hours: Monday – Friday: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM Select Saturdays:
	6:00 AM – 3:00 PM Early and Late appointment upon request. Available evenings and weekends for
	emergencies. Location Diretion Entrance on 70th Ave, just off of north side of Queens Blvd service
	road. Get validation from front desk. Print Manhattan MapGet Directions
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: locations
ID: 190
TITLE: Manhattan
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/locations/manhattan-new-york-city/
EXCERPT: Visit us in Manhattan Give us a call: Email: Location: Office Hours: Location Direction Get Directions
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-02-06T06:56:02Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2026-06-08T14:09:34Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalClinic
META_TERM_accepts_new_patients: Yes
META_TERM_location_headline: NYC Retina - Manhattan
META_TERM_location_street: 112 E 19th St
META_TERM_location_city: New York
META_TERM_location_state: NY
META_TERM_location_zip: 10003
META_TERM_location_phone: (212) 203-0999
META_TERM_location_fax: (212) 202-4884
META_TERM_location_email: info@nycretina.com
META_TERM_location_officehours: <strong>Monday – Friday:</strong><br> 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM<br><br> Early and Late appointment upon request.<br> Available evenings and weekends for emergencies.
META_TERM_location_directions: 8th Street Station: Q R W<br> Astor Place: 4 6<br> West 4 Street – Washington Sq: A B C D E F<br> PATH – 9th Street Station
META_TERM_location_directions_link: https://maps.app.goo.gl/xNKrLWrUvtA5Nxfm6
META_TERM_location_cross_streets: University Place and 9th Street
META_google_listing_place_id: ChIJFWtGP55ZwokRxhrHJoAYK3M
TAX_staff: Julia Shulman, MD
TAX_staff: Constance Mei, MD
TAX_staff: Rachel S. Mogil, MD
TAX_staff: Jonathan Feistmann, MD
TAX_location: Manhattan
TAX_procedure: Pneumatic Retinopexy
TAX_procedure: Scleral Buckling
TAX_procedure: Vitrectomy
TAX_condition: Macular Pucker
TAX_condition: Retinal Detachment
TAX_condition: Macular Degeneration
TAX_condition: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
TAX_condition: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Visit us in Manhattan Give us a call: (212) 203-0999 Email: info@nycretina.com Location: 112 E 19th
	St New York Office Hours: Monday – Friday: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM Early and Late appointment upon
	request. Available evenings and weekends for emergencies. Location Direction Get Directions
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: procedures
ID: 214
TITLE: Scleral Buckling
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/procedures/scleral-buckling/
EXCERPT: What is Scleral Buckling? A scleral buckle is a tried and true surgery that has been used to repair retinal detachments for decades. A scleral buckle is a surgical procedure used to repair a retinal detachment by supporting the retina tears from the outside of the eye. A scleral buckle is a piece of silicone […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:58:38Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:16:37Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalProcedure
META_seo_description: Scleral buckling is a surgical procedure used to help repair a retinal detachment by attempting to close retina breaks and flatten the retina.
META_medicalprocedure_name: Scleral Buckling
TAX_procedure: Scleral Buckling
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What is Scleral Buckling? A scleral buckle is a tried and true surgery that has been used to repair
	retinal detachments for decades. A scleral buckle is a surgical procedure used to repair a retinal
	detachment by supporting the retina tears from the outside of the eye. A scleral buckle is a piece
	of silicone semi-hard plastic that the retina surgeon places around the outside of the eye like a
	belt. It is secured to the sclera or white part of the eye. It will be behind your eyelids, so, for
	the most part, it cannot be seen. The scleral buckle usually remains in place permanently. In
	addition to the scleral buckle, cryopexy (freezing) or laser is applied to the retinal tear to seal
	it closed. This is a critical step in repairing the retinal detachment. The combination of the
	scleral buckle (support from outside of the eye) and cryopexy or laser (treating inside of the eye)
	together work to repair the retinal detachment. Furthermore, to help drain the fluid under the
	retinal detachment, a gas bubble may be injected into the eye or subretinal fluid may be drained
	from outside of the eye. All of these steps together help seal the retina to its proper position
	against the inside back wall of the eye. Why is Scleral Buckling Performed? Scleral buckling is
	performed when the following conditions are indicated: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Young
	patients with attached posterior hyaloid Inferior retinal detachments Detachments due to dialysis
	without a retinal tear Complex retinal detachments involving multiple tears Retinal detachments in
	the setting of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (abnormal healing response involving scar tissue
	growing on the retina) Recurrent retinal detachments The most common causes of retinal detachments
	are the formation of rhegmas or full-thickness tears in the retina. Rhegmatogenous detachments
	account for 90% of detachments, where using a scleral buckle may help treat the detachment. How Do
	You Prepare for Scleral Buckle Surgery? Before scleral buckle surgery, patients will need to make
	arrangements for a ride after the procedure. Your doctor will notify you of any medications you will
	need to stop taking prior to surgery. Before surgery, your eye doctor may also advise limiting
	solids and liquids before the procedure. What Can You Expect During a Scleral Buckling Procedure?
	Here is what you can expect during surgery: Patients usually receive anesthesia before surgery and
	fall asleep. If you’re remaining awake during your surgery, your doctor will apply medicine to
	numb your eye. You will also receive eye drops to dilate your eyes. Dilation widens your pupil,
	allowing your doctor to see the back of your eye. The scleral buckle is secured to the white part of
	the eye, under the conjunctiva, behind the eyelids, and under the eye muscles. Once in place, it
	will not move. Buckling is designed to support the retina by pushing the sclera toward the detached
	retina, which can reattach your retina and close retina tears. The retina specialist may perform one
	of the following to prevent a tear or detachment from reopening: Laser photocoagulation. In this
	procedure, your doctor uses a laser beam to burn the area surrounding a retinal tear or detachment.
	This creates scar tissue, which helps seal the retina tear and stops fluid from getting under the
	retina and causing it to detach. Cryopexy. In this procedure, your doctor uses extreme cold to
	freeze the outer surface of the eye, which can cause scar tissue to develop and seal the retinal
	tear Drainage of subretinal fluid. This can be done either from inside the eye (if vitrectomy is
	done at the same time as the scleral buckle) or from outside of the eye, through a microscopic hole
	in the sclera (if a scleral buckle alone is done). After surgery, your surgeon applies antibiotic
	eye drops to decrease risk of infection, more numbing medication to decrease postoperative pain and
	a patch to protect the eye. The patch should remain in place until you see your surgeon the
	following day. What is the Follow-up and Recovery Like? Recovery time is anywhere from two to four
	weeks. Your doctor will provide aftercare instructions. This includes information on when you can
	resume taking prescription medications, as well as instructions for medication prescribed to treat
	post-surgery pain. Typically, you’ll be able to go home the day of surgery, but you’ll need
	someone to drive you. Some pain is expected within the first few hours or days following the
	procedure. Your pain level may decrease within a few days, but you’ll continue to have redness,
	tenderness, and swelling for a few weeks after surgery. It takes about a month for the swelling and
	redness to go down all the way and for the eye to look almost back to normal. You will need to wear
	an eye patch for the first day after surgery and apply antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection as
	well as anti-inflammatory drops. You will apply eye drops for up to six weeks after surgery. Your
	surgeon may instruct you to place ice or cold pack over the eye for 10 to 20 minutes at a time to
	reduce swelling within the first few days of recovery. Be sure to cover the ice pack with a towel
	before applying to prevent ice burn on your skin. Within the first two weeks, be sure to allow your
	eye to heal before engaging in strenuous activity. Within this time try to avoid exercise, heavy
	lifting, and cleaning. Your ophthalmologist may also restrict the amount of reading to reduce the
	amount of eye movement. Some people can return to work one to two weeks after scleral buckling. This
	depends on how you feel and the type of work you do. You should stay at home longer if your job
	involves heavy lifting or a lot of computer work. Contact your doctor right away if you notice any
	signs of complications after surgery, such as: Decreasing vision. Increasing pain. Swelling around
	the eye. Any discharge from the eye. Any new floaters, flashes of light, or changes in your field of
	vision. What are the Potential risks of Scleral Buckling? Other risks and complications associated
	with this surgery include: Infection Double vision Cataracts Bleeding Glaucoma Repeated detachment
	and need for more surgery New retinal tears and need for more laser or surgery Extrusion of a
	scleral buckle, where it moves from the original position and needs to be removed surgically Are
	there related procedures to Scleral Buckling? Vitrectomy
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: procedures
ID: 211
TITLE: Pneumatic Retinopexy
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/procedures/pneumatic-retinopexy/
EXCERPT: What is Pneumatic Retinopexy? Pneumatic retinopexy is an in-office procedure used to repair certain types of retinal detachments. Pneumatic retinopexy typically treats rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. The eye is numbed with anesthesia so there is no pain. A gas bubble is injected into the eye (vitreous cavity). When the gas floats up, it pushes the retina […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:58:28Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:16:37Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalProcedure
META_seo_description: Pneumatic retinopexy is usually an in-office or outpatient surgery to repair certain types of retinal detachment.
META_medicalprocedure_name: Pneumatic Retinopexy
TAX_procedure: Pneumatic Retinopexy
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What is Pneumatic Retinopexy? Pneumatic retinopexy is an in-office procedure used to repair certain
	types of retinal detachments. Pneumatic retinopexy typically treats rhegmatogenous retinal
	detachments. The eye is numbed with anesthesia so there is no pain. A gas bubble is injected into
	the eye (vitreous cavity). When the gas floats up, it pushes the retina that is detached back into
	proper position and also closes the retinal tear against the wall of the eye at the same time, thus
	repairing the retinal detachment. Cryopexy (freezing) or laser are then used to permanently seal the
	retinal tear to the wall of the eye. The gas bubble goes away by itself, getting smaller and smaller
	over the course of 4-8 weeks, after which, if successful, the retina should be back to its proper
	position and the vision should be improved. Why is a Pneumatic Retinopexy Surgery Performed?
	Pneumatic retinopexy is done for certain types of retinal detachments, typically for rhegmatogenous
	retinal detachments. It can be useful when: The retinal tear causing the detachment is in the upper
	part of the retina You will need to hold your head in a certain position after the gas bubble is
	injected into your eye. For example, if the retinal tear is at 12 o’clock position, you simply
	need to sit or stand upright for the gas to float up and close the retinal tear from the inside of
	the eye. If the retinal tear is at 10 o’clock position, you may need to position your head with a
	slight tilt. Your retina surgeon will tell you how to position your head for the first few days or
	week, while the gas bubble is working to reattach your retina. Pneumatic retinopexy is usually not
	used for retinal tears that are at 6 o’clock position (bottom of the retina) as the gas likes to
	float up, and you would need to keep your head upside down to achieve the goal of the gas bubble
	pushing the retina back into place and closing the retinal tear. This is usually not practical, but
	may be used in rare circumstances. How Do You Prepare for the Surgery? The most important thing to
	do is discuss with your retina specialist the positioning of your head that you will need to hold
	for the pneumatic retinopexy to be successful, and for how long you will have to hold that position.
	Often, the head needs to be tilted to the side for up to one week, day and night. For some people,
	this is not a problem, and they are able to correctly position for the appropriate amount of time
	until the retina reattaches. For others, often with neck or back issues, or other medical issues,
	they are unable to position properly for such a long period of time. This should be communicated to
	your retina specialist, as you may not be a good candidate for pneumatic retinopexy. Furthermore,
	you should discuss with your retina specialist the success rate of pneumatic retinopexy with your
	specific retinal detachment and your specific ability to position your head. Every situation is
	different, and you should know what to expect prior to the procedure. If the pneumatic retinopexy is
	successful, then you can often avoid going to the operating room for surgery, but often surgery is
	needed to repair the retina in addition to a pneumatic retinopexy. These discussions are important
	to have prior to any procedure. Your eye will be dilated and a retina exam performed prior to the
	procedure, but otherwise, there is nothing that needs to be done to prepare. How Long Will the
	Pneumatic Retinopexy Surgery Take? Pneumatic retinopexy is typically completed within 30 minutes.
	The procedure itself lasts about a minute, but most of the time is in numbing the eye, so that you
	feel no pain during the procedure. What Can You Expect During the Surgery? Pneumatic retinopexy is a
	fairly quick procedure. Here are the simplified steps for the pneumatic retinopexy surgery: The
	retina specialist will typically first examine your eye before the procedure. Your eye is numbed
	with local anesthesia before surgery, including numbing eye drops and numbing eye gel Then the
	retina specialist injects a gas bubble into the vitreous, or middle of the eye, and will position
	you so that the retinal tear sits at 12 o’clock, such that when the gas floats up (which is what
	it will always do) it will push the retinal tear closed and push the retina back in to proper
	position. The retina specialist may use a freezing device to seal the retina against the wall of the
	eye prior to the gas bubble injection or may use a laser to seal the tear a few days after the
	injection once the retina has begun reattaching Once the retina doctor makes sure the bubble is in
	the correct place, the eye is re-evaluated to be sure eye pressure is normal, check the blood flow
	in the retina and check the vision. This is done immediately after the procedure. To decrease the
	risk of infection an antibiotic ointment will be applied to your eye and dispensed to be used by you
	at home after the procedure. Then to protect your eye, an eye patch may be applied to cover your
	eye. What are Follow-up and Recovery Like for Pneumatic Retinopexy? Be sure to ask your retina
	specialist about what you should expect after your procedure. Be sure to plan ahead and have someone
	help you home after the procedure. It is important to follow the retina specialist’s instructions
	about your eye’s aftercare. To decrease the risk of infection, you may be prescribed eye drops
	with an antibiotic. If the eye is sore after the procedure, you should be able to take
	over-the-counter pain medications, such as tylenol. You also may need to wear an eye patch for a day
	or so after the procedure. Your retinal specialist will give you specific instructions about how to
	position your head after the procedure. It is very important to follow all instructions to give your
	retina the best chance to reattach after this procedure. It is important to understand that you may
	need to keep a certain head position for almost the entirety of 3-7 days after the procedure. If you
	are unable to position your head as recommended, you should mention this to your retina specialist
	prior to the pneumatic retinopexy, as this procedure may not be the right treatment choice for you.
	The benefits of a pneumatic retinopexy are that, if successful, you can repair your retinal
	detachment with a quick procedure in the office and you can avoid surgery in an operating room. The
	disadvantage of pneumatic retinopexy is that you must keep your head in a very specific position
	very strictly for days at a time. If the positioning is not an issue for you, and your retinal tear
	is in the upper part of your retina, this may be a good treatment option for you. If, however, you
	are unable to keep the recommended positioning, or the retinal tear is not in the upper part of your
	retina this may not be an ideal procedure of you. To avoid complications and excess pressure in your
	eye, you will not be able to fly on an airplane or go up elevation (drive up a mountain) while you
	have a gas bubble in your eye. If you fly on an airplane with a gas bubble in your eye, the gas
	bubble will expand and cause increased pressure within your eye. This will likely cause severe pain
	and may lead to permanent blindness. Therefore, it is strictly prohibited as long as the gas bubble
	is in your eye. It typically takes up to 1 week of strict head positioning after pneumatic
	retinopexy. After the first week, if the retina healed well, you may return to work. You will need
	to wait until the gas bubble is completely gone to return to full physical activity and exercise.
	This often takes 4-8 weeks Every situation is different, so for the exact timeline, consult with
	your retina specialist. You will need close follow-up care with your retina specialist to see
	whether the procedure was effective and the retina successfully reattached. You will have scheduled
	appointments for the first few weeks after the procedure for close monitoring. Be sure to tell your
	eye doctor right away if you have decreasing vision or increasing pain or swelling around your eye.
	If the procedure is not a success in repairing the retinal detachment, you will likely need to have
	surgery. Contact your doctor right away if you notice any problems after surgery, such as:
	Decreasing vision. Any sign of infection. This could include increased pain, swelling, or redness
	around the eye. Any discharge from the eye. Any new floaters, flashes of light, or other changes in
	your field of vision, such as a shadow or curtain in your vision. What are the potential surgical
	risks? Most people do well with their pneumatic retinopexy, but complications can sometimes occur.
	Risks should be discussed with your retina specialist prior to this, or any, procedure. Here are
	some common risks. Most common risk of pneumatic retinopexy: Worsening of retinal detachment even
	with pneumatic retinopexy, necessitating surgery to repair. Other common risks of the procedure
	include: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy- a scar-like process on the retina that can cause new holes
	or detachment and needs surgery to repair. This occurs in up to 10% of patients that have a retinal
	detachment for unknown reasons Gas trapped in the front of the eye needing removal in the office or
	with surgery High pressure in the eye that needs drops, pills or surgery to correct Bleeding in the
	eye Rare, but severe risks for almost all invasive eye procedures (including pneumatic retinopexy):
	Severe infection that may cause blindness or loss eye Severe bleeding that may cause blindness Other
	less common risks are: Retinal folds Eye inflammation
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: procedures
ID: 208
TITLE: Vitrectomy
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/procedures/vitrectomy/
EXCERPT: What is a Vitrectomy? Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the existing vitreous humor gel to allow for better access to the retina and macula. The surgery is performed by a retina specialist to address the harm caused when the vitreous pulls on the retina, creating a tear, hold, or detachment. It is also […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:58:19Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:16:37Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalProcedure
META_seo_description: Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the existing vitreous humor gel to allow for better access to the retina and macula.
META_medicalprocedure_name: Vitrectomy
TAX_procedure: Vitrectomy
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What is a Vitrectomy? Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the existing vitreous humor gel
	to allow for better access to the retina and macula. The surgery is performed by a retina specialist
	to address the harm caused when the vitreous pulls on the retina, creating a tear, hold, or
	detachment. It is also performed to address scar tissue, remove blood that is blocking vision, and
	repairing the eye from trauma. One of the underlying vision issues has been treated, the vitreous is
	replaced with a mixture of gas and air to hold the retina back in position. What does a Vitrectomy
	help treat? Vitrectomy surgery procedure may be performed to help treat the following conditions:
	Retinal Detachment Macular Pucker Retinal Tear Macular Hole Macular Edema Complications from
	cataract surgery How do you prepare for a Vitrectomy? Before surgery, your doctor will conduct a
	careful eye exam and assess your health. This typically involves a slit-lamp, dilated eye exam, and
	in-office testing such as OCT (ocular coherence tomography), fluorescein angiography, retinal
	photography, and/or ultrasound. Beyond that, your ophthalmologist can tell you if there are specific
	things you need to do to prepare. You may ask one or more of the following questions: Will I need to
	stay overnight in a hospital, or will I go home the day of the surgery? Do I need to stop taking
	certain medications beforehand? Should I avoid food and drinks before surgery, and if so, how long
	before? What are my anesthesia options? How long do you expect the surgery to take? Why is a
	Vitrectomy performed? A vitrectomy is performed to allow access to the retina and macula to repair
	or fix any vision limiting or vision-threatening conditions. This access allows the ophthalmologist
	to fix the following conditions: Damaged blood vessels in your retina Infections inside your eye
	Serious eye injuries Wrinkles in your retina (macular pucker) It is important to discuss the reasons
	and risks for the surgery with your doctor prior to the procedure. What can you expect during a
	Vitrectomy? During surgery, the ophthalmologist will make a small cut (incision) in the white of the
	eye (sclera) and remove the gel-like vitreous. Removal of the vitreous allows access to the area of
	the underlying condition. He or she will use a microscope to see inside your eye to treat the retina
	and/or macula. Once the treatment has been completed, the vitreous is replaced with a mixture of gas
	and air to hold the retina back in position. This puts the necessary pressure on the retina and
	macula to allow them to heal correctly. Depending on the condition being treated, a vitrectomy can
	take from one to several hours. It may be just one in a series of procedures to repair a problem.
	What is the follow-up and recovery like for a Vitrectomy? Ask your ophthalmologist about what you
	should expect after your surgery. Most patients will be able to go home the same day but plan to
	have someone drive you home after the procedure. Be sure to follow your eye doctor’s instructions
	about post-surgery eye care. You may be prescribed antibiotic eye drops to help prevent infection.
	Because your eye may be a little sore after the procedure, over-the-counter pain relievers can be
	taken to relieve pain and soreness. Also, you may have to wear an eye patch for a day or so to
	protect your eye while it heals. You will need to follow specific instructions about eye positioning
	after the surgery. You will also need to avoid air travel for a period (typically 4 weeks) after the
	procedure. If you plan on traveling by air soon after your surgery, be sure to ask your eye doctor
	when it will be safe for you to fly. Close follow-up with your eye doctor is necessary to determine
	if the procedure was successful. In your follow up appointment after the procedure, be sure to
	immediately tell your eye doctor if you have a decreasing vision or increasing pain or swelling
	around your eye. After a vitrectomy, your vision may not be completely normal, especially if your
	underlying condition caused damage to your retina. Be sure to ask your doctor about how much
	improvement you can expect. A vitrectomy has little effect on the health of the eye. The gas bubble
	is gradually replaced by the eye’s own fluids. Surgical complications are rare but include
	infection, bleeding, high or low eye pressure, cataract, retinal detachment, and loss of vision.
	There may be some temporary swelling of the eyelids, bruising around the eye, and redness following
	the surgery, but these improve relatively quickly. It is important to use prescribed medicated eye
	drops to help the eye heal. A common experience of a mild sensation as if there is something in your
	eye is normal. Severe pain is uncommon unless there is inflammation or high eye pressure. Some
	patients may experience a decrease in vision for a few days following the procedure while others may
	need longer. This could take weeks or even months for vision to improve. Are there related
	procedures to a Vitrectomy? Retinal Detachement Macular Pucker Scleral Buckling
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: conditions
ID: 205
TITLE: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/posterior-vitreous-detachment-eye-floaters/
EXCERPT: If you experience symptoms of a large new floater or many new floaters (often described as a spider web) or flashes of light you must come in for a retina exam right away. What is Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)? Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) occurs when the portion of the vitreous gel that is lining […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:57:20Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:15:52Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalCondition
META_seo_description: Posterior Vitreous Detachment is sometimes described as cobwebs or spots, and they lightly drift in and out of the field of vision.
META_medicalcondition_name: Posterior Vitreous Detachment
META_medicalcondition_alternatename: Eye Floaters
META_medicalcondition_alternatename02: PVD
META_medicalcause01_name: Age, usually 60 years or older, but they can occur younger
META_medicalcause02_name: Traumatic injury to eye
META_signorsymptom01_name: The floaters are much bigger and can be seen easily even when not in a lot of light.
META_signorsymptom02_name: The flashes are also very prominent and seen easily even if not in a dim setting.
META_signorsymptom03_name: seeing a shadow or curtain over your vision
META_riskfactor01_name: Aging
META_riskfactor02_name: Eye trauma
META_riskfactor03_name: Nearsightedness
TAX_condition: Posterior Vitreous Detachment (Eye Floaters)
BODY_CONTENT: |
	If you experience symptoms of a large new floater or many new floaters (often described as a spider
	web) or flashes of light you must come in for a retina exam right away. What is Posterior Vitreous
	Detachment (Eye Floaters)? Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) occurs when the portion of the
	vitreous gel that is lining the retina (the inside back of the eye) peels away from the retina and
	suddenly appears floating in the center of the vitreous cavity. When this happens, you may
	experience a sudden large floater, bigger than the normal floaters that you may have occasionally
	seen throughout your life. This is commonly described as a large spider web that is suddenly in the
	middle of your vision. It may also be accompanied by flashes of light. The flashes occur as the
	separating gel pulls on the retina. This pulling of the retina by the gel during a PVD is what puts
	you at risk for a retinal tear and/or retinal detachment. That is why, when you have the symptoms of
	a large new floater or seeing flashes of light, you must come in for a retina exam right away. The
	risk of a retinal tear from a PVD is highest during the first four to six weeks after the initial
	symptoms occur. Therefore, you must be followed closely with retina exams during this time. If you
	experience any worsening floaters or flashes of light in between your appointments, you must call us
	24/7 and leave an urgent message for the on-call doctor. PVDs and retinal tears/retinal detachments,
	cannot be prevented, but if diagnosed and treated early, they can save your vision. An untreated
	retinal detachment may cause blindness. Most people with a PVD do not get a retinal tear or retinal
	detachment, but if you are going to get a retinal tear or retinal detachment, it is most common to
	occur within the first six weeks. After 6 weeks, the risk of a retinal tear goes down, and your
	symptoms of the new floaters and of flashing lights should slowly improve over time. What are the
	causes of PVD? Causes of Eye Floaters from a PVD include: Age, usually 60 years or older, but they
	can occur younger Traumatic injury to eye Patients who experience PVD in one eye will often
	experience PVD in the other eye within 1 year. PVDs occur to almost everyone at some point in their
	life whether they are symptomatic of it or not. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Eye Floaters?
	Signs and symptoms of “normal” eye floaters include small floating specs in the field of vision
	that are more prominent with a lot of light or looking at a white background. You may also see
	occasional flashes of light. Unlike floaters, flashes are more prominent in low light situations. As
	opposed to normal floaters, flashes and floaters from a PVD are much more prominent. The floaters
	are much bigger and can be seen easily even when not in a lot of light. They usually occur suddenly.
	The flashes are also very prominent and seen easily even if not in a dim setting. If either of these
	symptoms occurs, dramatic new large floaters or much worse flashes of light than you have ever
	experienced, you should call us and leave an urgent message 24/7. Additionally, If you are seeing a
	shadow or curtain over your vision, this may already be a sign of retinal detachment and you should
	call us and leave an urgent message right away 24/7. What are the Risk Factors? Risk factors of
	posterior vitreous detachment include: Aging Eye trauma Nearsightedness Previous cataract surgery
	What are the Possible Treatments for Posterior Vitreous Detachment? An accompanying retinal tear or
	retinal detachment needs to be treated right away. A retinal tear can be treated with a quick laser
	procedure that can be done during your office visit. It is usually a quick and painless procedure
	but may be mildly uncomfortable. This laser can prevent you from developing a retinal detachment and
	can save your vision. A retinal detachment needs treatment to save the eye from going blind. Retinal
	detachments are usually treated with either a surgery called a vitrectomy, a scleral buckle or a
	pneumatic retinopexy. These procedures are described at length in other sections. As long as you do
	not develop a retinal tear or retinal detachment, a PVD itself does not pose a threat to sight loss
	and the floaters and flashes slowly subside for a majority of patients within 3-6 months. In these
	cases, no specific treatment is needed. The vitreous gel that has peeled away from the retina, will
	remain floating in your vitreous cavity. Your brain will slowly learn to ignore the big floater. If
	the floaters continue to be a nuisance after 6-12 months, we may consider a surgery (vitrectomy) to
	remove them. Other treatment options include a laser (laser vitreolysis) which does not remove the
	floaters but breaks them up into smaller pieces and makes them less noticeable. Are there
	preventative steps or measures to avoid Posterior Vitreous Detachment? Yearly retina exams may
	detect a PVD that you may have had in the past without any symptoms. If you have had a PVD in one
	eye, a PVD in the other eye may often occur within the next year. If you have had a traumatic injury
	to your eye and have eye floaters, you may have had an acute PVD caused by the trauma and need a
	retina exam right away as you are also at risk of retinal tear and retinal detachment. Otherwise,
	PVDs usually occur suddenly and without warning. Therefore, PVDs not related to trauma cannot be
	prevented and must be acted upon once they occur. What are the risks if Posterior Vitreous
	Detachment is left untreated? If left untreated, a retinal tear or detached retina can lead to
	permanent vision loss, even total blindness, in the affected eye. Those who experience a sudden
	increase in size or number of eye floaters or an increase in flashes of light should have a retina
	exam right away. Are there other related conditions to Posterior Vitreous Detachment? Besides a
	retinal tear or retinal detachment, conditions that may occur after a PVD are: Bleeding in your
	vitreous, or Vitreous Hemorrhage. May occur at the same time as your PVD Macular Pucker, or
	Epiretinal Membrane. May occur months after your PVD If you have any questions about floaters or
	flashes or you are having vision issues, please contact us for a retina evaluation.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: conditions
ID: 202
TITLE: Macular Pucker
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/macular-pucker/
EXCERPT: What is a Macular Pucker? Macular pucker occurs when scar tissue forms over the macula, wrinkling or puckering the underlying macula. The main symptom you may experience with a macular pucker is that straight lines look wavy. You may also notice that you cannot focus perfectly even when wearing your glasses. What are the Causes […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:57:02Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:15:52Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalCondition
META_seo_description: Macular pucker is when scar tissue wrinkles or puckers over the macula and can affect vision.
META_authorbiobox_use_medical_headline: checked
META_authorbiobox_use_medical_introduction: checked
META_medicalcondition_name: Macular Pucker
META_medicalcause01_name: Middle Age and Prior Retinal Conditions, such as Retinal Detachment Surgery
META_medicalcause02_name: Prior Vitreous Detachment and Prior Retinal laser
META_medicalcause03_name: Prior Inflammation or Uveitis
META_signorsymptom01_name: Seeing wavy or curvy lines when they should be straight
META_signorsymptom02_name: Blurry vision
META_signorsymptom03_name: Inability to see fine details even with glasses
META_riskfactor01_name: Aging
META_riskfactor02_name: Predisposed ocular conditions
TAX_condition: Macular Pucker
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What is a Macular Pucker? Macular pucker occurs when scar tissue forms over the macula, wrinkling or
	puckering the underlying macula. The main symptom you may experience with a macular pucker is that
	straight lines look wavy. You may also notice that you cannot focus perfectly even when wearing your
	glasses. What are the Causes of Macular Pucker? Most cases of macular pucker are “idiopathic”
	which means that it is not fully understood why it happens in some people but not others. That being
	said, common circumstances in which we see macular pucker are in the following: Middle Age Prior
	Vitreous Detachment Prior Inflammation or Uveitis Prior Retinal Conditions, such as Retinal
	Detachment Surgery Prior Retinal laser Aging is the most common cause of macular pucker. As you age
	the vitreous starts shrinking and begins to pull away from the retina. Usually, it pulls away and
	separates from the retina and macula without any problems. However, sometimes the vitreous can
	adhere to the retina and macula. If it adheres, scar tissue can form causing the retina and macula
	to wrinkle or pucker. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Macular Pucker? Signs and symptoms of
	Macular Pucker include: Seeing wavy or curvy lines when they should be straight Blurry vision
	Inability to see fine details even with glasses Gray or cloudy space in the central vision field
	What are the Risk Factors? Risk factors of macular pucker include: Aging Predisposed ocular
	conditions How is Macular Pucker Diagnosed? When you come in for your retina exam, the technician
	will put drops in your eye to dilate your pupil. The doctor will then use a special lens to look
	inside of your eye at your macula. Pictures will be taken of your eye using optical coherence
	tomography (OCT). With OCT, a machine scans the back of your eye. This provides very detailed
	pictures of the retina and macula giving us a cross sectional view. The doctors will study these
	pictures to check for problems. Finally, we can compare what a normal scan should look like to what
	an abnormal scan may look like and we will review these scans with you. What are the Possible
	Treatments? Macular pucker can either be treated with close monitoring or surgery. If the pucker is
	mild and does not really affect your vision, we usually recommend close monitoring to make sure that
	it does not get any worse. If it never gets worse, then you may never need to have any surgery.
	However, if the macular pucker causes significant blurry vision or wavy lines that cannot be
	improved with glasses, and the vision and scans are continually getting worse over time, then we
	usually recommend surgery to remove the scar tissue off of the macula.   The surgery required to
	treat a macular pucker is called a vitrectomy with membrane peel. Vitrectomy surgery removes most of
	the vitreous gel, or floaters, from the back of the eye and removes the scar tissue off of the
	macula. Peeling or removing the scar tissue allows the macula to flatten over time, so it may return
	more closely to its original position. The goal of the surgery is to stop the vision from getting
	worse. Additionally, the vision usually improves slowly as well. Although the vision usually
	improves after surgery, it is important to understand that the vision may not return to perfect. As
	everyone’s situation is different, we can discuss with you what you should realistically expect
	after surgery. Your physical recovery after surgery takes about a week or two. During the first
	week, we recommend that you should take it easy. You should not bend your head lower than your
	heart, lift anything heavier than a milk jug, strain or rub your eye. All of these things will
	increase pressure to the eye that may have serious adverse effects. After the first week, you may
	return to work. Additionally, you can walk around during the first two weeks and do not need to
	sleep in any specific position. After about two weeks you can usually start slowly resuming normal
	physical activity. Are there preventative steps or measures to avoid Macular Pucker? Unfortunately,
	there is no prevention for macular pucker. However, with routine eye exams, we can screen for
	macular pucker and other macular health as well as closely monitor any changes in your macula that
	you may have. In between appointments, you can monitor yourself at home with an Amsler grid (below).
	Here is how to use it: Cover up your right eye with your hand and look only through the left eye.
	With the left eye, look directly at the center dot below. While you are looking at the center dot,
	pay attention to the straight lines all around the center dot. Then repeat this by covering up your
	left eye with your hand and looking at the center dot with your right eye. Again, take note if any
	of the lines are wavy. If any of the lines are wavy with either eye, we should see you for a retinal
	examination and scan of your macula right away. What are the risks if left untreated? For most with
	a macular pucker, their vision remains stable and does not get progressively worse. Macular pucker
	usually doesn’t fix itself. Macular pucker usually affects one eye, although later it may affect
	the other eye.
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: conditions
ID: 196
TITLE: Retinal Detachment
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/retinal-detachment/
EXCERPT: Retinal Detachment is a medical emergency that could cause permanent blindness. The longer it goes untreated the greater the risk of permanent vision loss in the affected eye. If you are experiencing any of the below signs and symptoms, please find immediate medical attention. You may call our office 24/7 and we can help you. […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:56:39Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:15:51Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalCondition
META_seo_description: Retinal detachment is an emergency condition where the neuro-sensory tissue in the back of the eye (retina) separates from its blood supply.
META_medicalcondition_name: Retinal Detachment
META_medicalcause01_name: people who are nearsighted
META_signorsymptom01_name: New Floaters and New Flashes
META_signorsymptom02_name: Seeing Spots or Loss of central and/or peripheral vision
META_signorsymptom03_name: Weak vision or A curtain or shadow in the side of your vision
META_riskfactor01_name: Aging, Previous retinal detachment, or Severe nearsightedness (myopia)
META_riskfactor02_name: Family history of detached retinas or Lattice degeneration
META_riskfactor03_name: Previous eye surgery, e.g. cataract surgery or Diabetes
TAX_condition: Retinal Detachment
BODY_CONTENT: |
	Retinal Detachment is a medical emergency that could cause permanent blindness. The longer it goes
	untreated the greater the risk of permanent vision loss in the affected eye. If you are experiencing
	any of the below signs and symptoms, please find immediate medical attention. You may call our
	office 24/7 and we can help you. If you call us after hours, please press 2 and leave an urgent
	message for the on-call doctor and we will get back to you right away. What is a Retinal Detachment?
	Retinal detachment is an emergency condition where the neuro-sensory tissue in the back of the eye
	(retina) separates from its blood supply. There are three different kinds deta: Rhegmatogenous
	retinal detachment (most common, accounting for 90% of all detachments) Tractional retinal
	detachment Exudative retinal detachment (Serous retinal detachment) What is a rhegmatogenous retinal
	detachment? Rhegmatogenous detached retinas are the most common detachments and happen because of a
	hole or tear in the retina, usually in the peripheral retina. Holes or tears, in turn, can happen
	because of pulling by the liquifying vitreous gel (a normal aging change) or can be traumatic. They
	usually occur due to the former. Once a tear is formed, fluid can get underneath the retina, and
	cause it to detach. The portion of the retina that is detached does not have normal vision and is
	often described by patients as “a veil, curtain or shadow coming over the vision”. There are
	several ways in which retinal detachments can be repaired, depending on many factors such as the age
	of the patient, the location, distribution and number of retinal breaks, among others. Pneumatic
	retinopexy is an in-office procedure in which gas is injected into the vitreous cavity to re-attach
	the retina and cryopexy (freezing), or laser, is used to demarcate or weld around the retinal break.
	This seals the break to the wall of the eye and is the key step in repairing a retinal detachment.
	Surgical correction of a detached retina includes vitrectomy surgery. Vitrectomy is where most of
	the vitreous gel is removed, and the retina flattened from the inside of the eye. The laser is then
	used to seal the retinal tears. Finally, an inert gas bubble or silicone oil bubble are used to fill
	the vitreous cavity in the eye. This bubble serves to push the retina back into the correct
	position. A gas bubble lasts about a month and goes away on its own. An oil bubble is usually left
	in the eye for 3-6 months, but sometimes longer or shorter, and needs a separate procedure to remove
	the oil in the future. The goal is for the retina to stay reattached once the gas bubble goes away
	or once the oil bubble is removed. Another procedure for the repair of retinal detachment is a
	scleral buckle. A scleral buckle is a thin silicone band that is placed around the eye, like a belt,
	and supports the retina from the outside. It is placed behind the eyelids, and under the conjunctiva
	and tenon capsule (clear/white external “skin” layer of the eye) and, therefore, is not seen.
	 The retinal tears are supported on the scleral buckle, thus sealing them to the wall of the eye
	and repairing the detachment. The retinal tears are usually sealed with cryopexy (freezing) that is
	done from outside the wall of the eye. Scleral buckles can be used to repair retinal detachments
	with or without drainage of the subretinal fluid. Some detached retinas necessitate the combination
	of a scleral buckle and vitrectomy. Your retina specialist will examine you and tailor an
	individualized surgical plan. An important factor in the visual prognosis of patients with a
	rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the involvement of the macula, the center of the retina.
	Patients in whom the macula is not involved with the detachment at the time of diagnosis, usually
	have preserved central vision and have a better prognosis for good vision postoperatively. Once the
	macula is detached and central vision affected, the prognosis for recovery of central vision is more
	guarded, though patients often can regain good visual acuity over time. What is a tractional retinal
	detachment? Tractional detachments are commonly seen in diabetes but can occur in other retinal
	diseases that are characterized by loss of the normal blood supply to the retina over time. In
	diabetes, the high sugar content of the blood causes structural changes to occur in the retina. Over
	time, the peripheral retina (which is responsible for one’s peripheral vision) becomes ischemic,
	or without normal blood supply. In response, various biochemical cascades are activated, causing the
	formation of abnormal, new blood vessels. These abnormal, new blood vessels are trying to solve the
	problem of a poor blood supply, but instead, just cause problems. They grow in a disorderly fashion,
	often into the vitreous cavity and can frequently bleed. If the disease continues to progress
	without treatment, these new, abnormal vessels regress, leaving behind scar tissue which can pull on
	the retina and elevate it, causing a tractional retinal detachment. Tractional retinal detachments
	are repaired by releasing the scar tissue and traction on the retina with surgery, allowing the
	retina to settle back into its anatomic position. Because there must be advanced retinopathy to
	develop a tractional detachment, even when such detachments are repaired successfully, vision may be
	limited because of long-standing impaired circulation in the retina. What is an exudative retinal
	detachment or serous retinal detachment? Exudative retinal detachments are the accumulation of fluid
	under the retina, without a full-thickness break in the retinal tissue itself. Seriously detached
	retinas can be associated with diseases such as Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, inflammatory
	(uveitis) or infectious diseases of the retina. Tumors in the retina or choroid can also present
	with an accompanying serous retinal detachment. Often, exudative detached retinas are treated by
	addressing the underlying cause of the subretinal fluid, though there are cases when serous
	detachments of the retina need to be surgically drained. How is a Detached Retina Diagnosed? You
	cannot see a detached retina from outside the eye, nor do they cause pain. Only a dilated eye exam
	can diagnose retinal tears and retinal detachment. Diagnosis is made by looking in your eye using a
	lighted magnifying instrument and a lens to examine the retina, which is the inside back of the eye.
	Other diagnostic instruments that aid in diagnosis includes Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT),
	fundus photography, and ultrasound. What are the Causes of a Retinal Detachment? While it can happen
	at any age, especially in people who are nearsighted, it tends to be more common for people who are
	over 40 years old. Men are more affected with detached retinas than women, and Caucasians more than
	African Americans. Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Causes Although holes or tears can occur after
	trauma to the eye, the large majority of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occur spontaneously, not
	in the setting of any trauma to the eye. They usually occur due to pulling of the liquifying
	vitreous gel on the retina (a normal aging change) which in turn causes a retinal tear.  Once a
	retinal tear is formed, fluid can get underneath the retina, and cause it to detach. This process is
	painless, but almost always cause changes in vision. Tractional Retinal Detachment Causes A growth
	or build-up of scar tissue growing on the retina can pull on the retina and cause it to detach. This
	type of detached retina is most commonly associated with patients who have uncontrolled diabetes.
	When this happens in the setting of diabetic retinopathy it often requires surgery to repair. This
	can also happen as an abnormal healing response, called proliferative vitreoretinopathy, in the
	setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, before or after surgery. Ten percent of patients
	with rhegmatogenous detached retinas develop this abnormal healing response for unknown reasons and
	usually need surgery to remove the scar tissue and repair the retina. Exudative Retinal Detachment
	Causes Serous or Exudative retinal detachments can be associated with diseases such as Central
	Serous Chorioretinopathy, inflammatory (uveitis) or infectious diseases of the retina. Tumors in the
	retina or choroid can also present with an accompanying exudative retinal detachment. What are the
	Signs and Symptoms of a Detached Retina? Symptoms and signs include: New Floaters, often many or one
	big one New Flashes Seeing Spots Loss of central and/or peripheral vision Weak vision A curtain or
	shadow in the side of your  vision What are the Risk Factors? Risk factors include: Aging Previous
	retinal detachment Severe nearsightedness (myopia) Family history of detached retinas Lattice
	degeneration Previous eye surgery, e.g. cataract surgery >Diabetes What are the Possible Treatments
	for Retinal Detachment? Treatment depends on the type of detachment and severity: Pneumatic
	Retinopexy: Pneumatic retinopexy is an in-office procedure in which gas is injected into the
	vitreous cavity to re-attach the retina and cryopexy (freezing) or laser is used to demarcate or
	weld around the retinal tear that leads to the detachment. Scleral Buckling: A scleral buckle is a
	surgical correction of a retinal detachment in which a thin silicone band is placed around the eye
	like a belt, supporting the retinal tears from the outside of the eye. The scleral buckle, in
	addition to cryopexy (freezing) or laser to the retinal tears, with or without drainage of the
	subretinal fluid, repairs the retinal detachment. Scleral buckles are often the treatment of choice
	in young, nearsighted patients. Also, they are used in the setting of trauma, recurrent detachments,
	or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Scleral buckles have been around for many decades and, in the
	proper setting, work very well. Vitrectomy: Surgical correction of detached retinas includes
	vitrectomy surgery (removal of the vitreous gel), flattening the retina from the inside of the eye.
	A laser is used to treat the retinal tears and a gas or oil bubble is used to fill the vitreous
	cavity (the inside of the eye) to push the retina back into place. If a gas bubble is used, it
	usually goes away by itself between 4-8 weeks. If a silicone oil bubble is used it needs a second
	surgery to remove the silicone oil, often in 3-6 months. The goal is for the retina to remain
	attached, in its proper position, once the gas or oil is no longer there to support the retina. Are
	there Preventative Steps or Measures to Avoid a Detached Retina? Unfortunately, most retinal
	detachments cannot be prevented, only treated early. Avoiding trauma to the eye prevents traumatic
	rhegmatogenous detached retinas. However, as discussed above, retinal detachments due to trauma
	represent only a small percentage of all detachments. Most occur spontaneously and not in the
	setting of trauma. Therefore, the following steps may help: If you are very nearsighted, have
	regular, dilated eye exams. If you have a family history of retinal problems, have regular, dilated
	eye exams. If you experience: A big, new floater Many new floaters New flashes or flashing lights
	Curtain or shadow in part of your vision Then you must come in immediately to a retina exam to make
	sure you do not have a retinal tear or retinal detachment that needs urgent treatment. If you have a
	serious eye injury, have your eye doctor examine your retina. Always wear safety eyewear during
	sports and other hazardous activities to prevent eye injury. What are the Risks if Left Untreated?
	If a detached retina is left untreated there is a high risk that the entire retina may detachment
	which will likely lead to total, permanent vision loss in that eye. The longer it goes untreated in
	the affected eye, the greater the risk of permanent vision loss. This is an emergency medical
	condition and if you think you have any of the signs or symptoms please seek medical help
	immediately. Are There Other Related Conditions to a Retinal Detachment? Retinal Tears Posterior
	Vitreous Detachment (PVD)
### END_RECORD

### START_RECORD
TYPE: conditions
ID: 193
TITLE: Macular Degeneration
URL: https://www.nycretina.com/conditions/macular-degeneration/
EXCERPT: What Is Macular Degeneration? Macular degeneration (also known as Age-Related Macular Degeneration, ARMD or AMD) is the most common cause of severe, central vision loss among Americans over 50 years old. Macular degeneration is a condition in which the macula deteriorates over time. The macula is the center of the retina which is responsible for […]
DATE_PUBLISHED: 2019-01-22T06:56:31Z
DATE_UPDATED: 2024-06-03T05:15:51Z
SCHEMA_TYPE: MedicalCondition
META_seo_description: Expert care and treatment for macular degeneration at NYC Retina
META_medicalcondition_name: Macular Degeneration
META_medicalcondition_alternatename: Age-Related Macular Degeneration
META_medicalcondition_alternatename02: ARMD
META_medicalcondition_alternatename03: AMD
META_medicalcause01_name: it more commonly affects people in their 60s, 70s and above
META_medicalcause02_name: smoking cigarettes
META_medicalcause03_name: Obesity and cardiovascular diseases
META_signorsymptom01_name: no apparent symptoms
META_signorsymptom02_name: fuzzy, blurry or distorted vision
META_signorsymptom03_name: seeing straight lines as wavy or curvy
META_riskfactor01_name: permanent, central vision loss
META_riskfactor02_name: severely impeding your ability to perform ordinary tasks
TAX_condition: Macular Degeneration
BODY_CONTENT: |
	What Is Macular Degeneration? Macular degeneration (also known as Age-Related Macular Degeneration,
	ARMD or AMD) is the most common cause of severe, central vision loss among Americans over 50 years
	old. Macular degeneration is a condition in which the macula deteriorates over time. The macula is
	the center of the retina which is responsible for our ability to discern fine detail, necessary for
	visual tasks like reading and recognizing faces. Ophthalmologists refer to this as central vision.
	Very early stages of macular degeneration may not affect the vision at all. Other cases,
	unfortunately, can cause a large central blind spot, and an inability to see faces or read. The goal
	of regular retina exams and home monitoring is to catch deterioration early, in hopes that it can be
	treated and save as much central vision as possible. The two types of AMD are commonly referred to
	as dry macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration. Dry Macular Degeneration Dry macular
	degeneration is the more common of the two types of macular degeneration, affecting over 80% of
	people who have Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Vision deterioration in dry AMD occurs more slowly
	than in wet AMD. Since wet AMD refers to bleeding or fluid in the macula, dry AMD is used to
	describe macular degeneration in which there is no bleeding or fluid. This typically involves small,
	yellow deposits under the macula, called drusen, and/or changes to the pigmented cells under the
	macula, called retinal pigment epithelium. Typically little to no vision loss occurs until the
	middle and later stages of dry AMD, thus it is important to get regular eye exams to ensure that
	this condition is detected early. Additionally, there are certain indicators on your exam, like how
	much drusen is present, that can alert us if you are low or high risk for progression to wet AMD and
	vision loss. If you are moderate to high risk, we recommend AREDS 2 vitamins, home monitoring with
	an Amsler grid and more frequent follow-up exams. Wet Macular Degeneration Wet macular degeneration
	is a more advanced form of AMD. While accounting for under 20% of total cases of AMD, wet macular
	degeneration is responsible for over 90% of cases with severe vision loss. Wet Age-Related Macular
	Degeneration involves the growth of abnormal new blood vessels beneath the macula. These vessels
	often break and bleed, leaking blood and fluid which causes damage to the macula and rapid loss of
	eyesight. Patients who develop wet macular degeneration often develop sudden loss of central vision
	or central blind spot in one of their eyes. What Are The Causes Of Macular Degeneration? The
	specific cause of macular degeneration is not known, but the disease tends to affect older people.
	Although it can affect people as young as 55 years old, it more commonly affects people in their
	60s, 70s and above. Lifestyle factors also apply – smoking cigarettes has been shown to double the
	risk of macular degeneration. Obesity and cardiovascular diseases may also increase your risk. Race
	appears to be a factor as well, with most occurrences of AMD affecting people of Caucasian descent,
	although people of any race can be affected. What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Macular
	Degeneration? In the early stages of macular degeneration, it is quite common to have no apparent
	symptoms. Dry AMD may first manifest itself gradually as fuzzy, blurry or distorted vision, or
	seeing straight lines as wavy or curvy. Early symptoms in wet AMD often occur suddenly and may be a
	blurry or dark spot near the center of your vision. If you do not have any symptoms, it is still
	important to get regular eye exams from a retinal specialist, as we may be able to identify drusen
	accumulation – an early indicator of dry macular degeneration – before any discernible effect on
	your vision has taken place. And if you do have any of the above symptoms, it is important to come
	in ASAP to determine if you have any new bleeding or fluid in your macula that may need urgent,
	sight saving treatment. How Is Macular Degeneration Diagnosed? Macular degeneration is diagnosed by
	the presence of drusen, pigment changes, bleeding, and/or fluid in or under the macula. Some
	findings of dry AMD, such as drusen and pigment changes may be present before you have begun to
	notice symptoms. If there is bleeding and/or fluid in or under the macula, as in wet AMD, these
	findings are usually accompanied by vision loss, dark spot, blurry vision, or wavy lines. If you are
	diagnosed with dry AMD, examinations every 3, 6 or 12 months are often recommended to monitor the
	progression of the AMD. For wet AMD, the doctor will likely recommend prompt treatment. Amsler Grid
	At home, self-monitoring can be performed using an Amsler grid. To use an Amsler grid, cover your
	right eye and look at the center dot with your left eye. Then cover your left eye and look at the
	center dot with your right eye. Do not scan around the grid with your eye. Focus only on the center
	dot while taking note of the surrounding intersecting lines. Any wavy lines or blind spots should be
	noted and reported to your retina specialist as they could be a sign of new bleeding and/or fluid
	under the retina and urgent sight-saving treatment might be indicated. Wet macular degeneration
	cannot be prevented, therefore, the goal is to catch any possible progression to wet AMD early,
	which would allow for prompt sight-saving treatment. This is accomplished with routine, scheduled
	retina exams as well as self-monitoring at home with an Amsler grid in between appointments. What
	Are The Possible Treatments For Macular Degeneration? Fortunately, we have excellent treatments
	available for wet macular degeneration. Three main medications are used: Eylea, Lucentis and
	Avastin. All three medications act to lower the amount of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)
	in the eye. VEGF is a growth factor that causes new, abnormal blood vessel formation
	(neovascularization). These new blood vessels leak fluid and bleed under the macula, causing vision
	loss. The medications are given through an injection into your eye during your office visit.
	Although this sounds very scary, we try to make the experience as comfortable as possible. Does the
	injection hurt? Will I see the needle coming at my eye? These are two of the most common questions
	we hear when discussing these treatments. Fortunately, the answer to both questions is no. You will
	not see the injection and you will not feel the injection. Your retina doctor and the team at NYC
	retina will work to customize a regimen for you that will eliminate all pain associated with the
	injection. The way this works in most cases is: your retina specialist will instill eye drops to
	properly numb your eye and also drops to decrease the risk of infection. In some cases, a strong
	anesthetic will be administered under the conjunctiva (or skin of the eye) to further decrease any
	sensation associated with the injection. Then after a few minutes of allowing the numbing medication
	to work, you will either look down or look up, and the retina specialist will perform the injection.
	Because of the anesthetic that was placed, you will not feel the injection. Additionally, depending
	on the severity of your macular degeneration, your retina specialist may recommend vitamins that may
	slow the progression of the AMD. The vitamins are called AREDS 2 which stands for Age-Related Eye
	Disease Study 2. AREDS2 is a combination of vitamin C, vitamin E, copper, lutein, zeaxanthin, and
	zinc. It is important for you to consult with your retina specialist to see if you are a candidate
	for these vitamins and then to coordinate with your primary doctor to make sure that there is no
	overlap with any of your other prescriptions or over the counter medications. Research into the
	treatment of dry macular degeneration is ongoing. The doctors at NYC retina are committed to
	bringing you up to the moment information and treatments as they become available. As of now,
	however, there is no definitive treatment for dry AMD. Certain lifestyle changes may slow the
	progression of dry AMD. These include eating a healthy diet including green leafy vegetables, fish,
	omega-3 fatty acids (found in salmon and walnuts). Smoking cessation, when applicable, would not
	only decrease your chance of wet AMD and vision loss but also improve your overall health.
	Additionally, the progression of dry macular degeneration to what is called geographic atrophy, with
	resultant central vision loss, has no treatment. However, although the pigment changes in dry
	macular degeneration cannot be reversed, we can often improve visual functioning by maximizing the
	condition of dry eye, cataracts, or glaucoma that may be present. In these cases, we will work with
	your general ophthalmologist or optometrist to help you achieve your best vision. Finally, if you
	have AMD, you have received all treatments possible and you are still having trouble reading, you
	might need the help of low vision aids. Often, simply increasing the font on an iPad, tablet, or
	computer screen can make reading easier. You may discuss different options with your doctor. Are
	There Preventative Steps Or Measures To Avoid Macular Degeneration? Regular eye exams are essential
	for detecting macular degeneration early on in order to take steps to slow its progression (such as
	AREDS 2 vitamins) and possibly, prevent long-term vision loss. Additionally, during the exam, if
	there are any signs of wet macular degeneration your doctor will be able to treat you with potential
	sight-saving treatment. Eating a healthy diet, as described above, may reduce your risk.
	Self-monitoring at home with an Amsler grid will help you catch any changes early and get prompt
	treatment. Finally, smoking cessation is critical not only to reduce your risk of wet AMD but also
	many other health issues. What Are The Risks If Macular Degeneration Is Left Untreated? If wet AMD
	is left untreated, it can cause permanent, central vision loss, severely impeding your ability to
	perform ordinary tasks like reading, driving and functioning independently. Key Takeaways About
	Macular Degeneration Macular degeneration is a leading cause of central vision loss, especially in
	people 50 years old and older, affecting over 10 million Americans. A healthy diet and lifestyle,
	AREDS 2 vitamins, and smoking cessation all help reduce the risk of progression from dry macular
	degeneration to wet macular degeneration. Regular eye exams can detect any worsening that may need
	prompt, sight-saving treatment. Prompt treatment of wet AMD with either eylea, lucentis or avastin
	increases the chances of maintaining central, reading vision. Eye injections can be performed
	painlessly, in a comfortable setting by our team of experts at NYC Retina. If you begin to notice
	blurriness, waviness, or a blind spot near the center of your field of vision, please schedule an
	appointment with one of our eye experts immediately.
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